Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice
The Arctic marine environment plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remain large uncertainties in how sea ice affects air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), partially due to disagreement between the two main methods (enclosure and eddy covariance) for measuring CO 2 f...
Published in: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
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Copernicus Publications
2018
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018 https://doaj.org/article/e66e60f2b4d64b199cf533a6a40599f8 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e66e60f2b4d64b199cf533a6a40599f8 2023-05-15T14:28:59+02:00 Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice B. J. Butterworth B. G. T. Else 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018 https://doaj.org/article/e66e60f2b4d64b199cf533a6a40599f8 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/11/6075/2018/amt-11-6075-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018 1867-1381 1867-8548 https://doaj.org/article/e66e60f2b4d64b199cf533a6a40599f8 Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 11, Pp 6075-6090 (2018) Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018 2022-12-31T01:24:32Z The Arctic marine environment plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remain large uncertainties in how sea ice affects air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), partially due to disagreement between the two main methods (enclosure and eddy covariance) for measuring CO 2 flux ( F CO 2 ). The enclosure method has appeared to produce more credible F CO 2 than eddy covariance (EC), but is not suited for collecting long-term, ecosystem-scale flux datasets in such remote regions. Here we describe the design and performance of an EC system to measure F CO 2 over landfast sea ice that addresses the shortcomings of previous EC systems. The system was installed on a 10 m tower on Qikirtaarjuk Island – a small rock outcrop in Dease Strait located roughly 35 km west of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The system incorporates recent developments in the field of air–sea gas exchange by measuring atmospheric CO 2 using a closed-path infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) with a dried sample airstream, thus avoiding the known water vapor issues associated with using open-path IRGAs in low-flux environments. A description of the methods and the results from 4 months of continuous flux measurements from May through August 2017 are presented, highlighting the winter to summer transition from ice cover to open water. We show that the dried, closed-path EC system greatly reduces the magnitude of measured F CO 2 compared to simultaneous open-path EC measurements, and for the first time reconciles EC and enclosure flux measurements over sea ice. This novel EC installation is capable of operating year-round on solar and wind power, and therefore promises to deliver new insights into the magnitude of CO 2 fluxes and their driving processes through the annual sea ice cycle. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Archipelago Arctic Cambridge Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Nunavut Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Cambridge Bay ENVELOPE(-105.130,-105.130,69.037,69.037) Canadian Arctic Archipelago Dease Strait ENVELOPE(-107.502,-107.502,68.834,68.834) Nunavut Qikirtaarjuk Island ENVELOPE(-115.020,-115.020,69.251,69.251) Small Rock ENVELOPE(-45.592,-45.592,-60.702,-60.702) Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11 11 6075 6090 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 B. J. Butterworth B. G. T. Else Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice |
topic_facet |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
description |
The Arctic marine environment plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remain large uncertainties in how sea ice affects air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), partially due to disagreement between the two main methods (enclosure and eddy covariance) for measuring CO 2 flux ( F CO 2 ). The enclosure method has appeared to produce more credible F CO 2 than eddy covariance (EC), but is not suited for collecting long-term, ecosystem-scale flux datasets in such remote regions. Here we describe the design and performance of an EC system to measure F CO 2 over landfast sea ice that addresses the shortcomings of previous EC systems. The system was installed on a 10 m tower on Qikirtaarjuk Island – a small rock outcrop in Dease Strait located roughly 35 km west of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The system incorporates recent developments in the field of air–sea gas exchange by measuring atmospheric CO 2 using a closed-path infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) with a dried sample airstream, thus avoiding the known water vapor issues associated with using open-path IRGAs in low-flux environments. A description of the methods and the results from 4 months of continuous flux measurements from May through August 2017 are presented, highlighting the winter to summer transition from ice cover to open water. We show that the dried, closed-path EC system greatly reduces the magnitude of measured F CO 2 compared to simultaneous open-path EC measurements, and for the first time reconciles EC and enclosure flux measurements over sea ice. This novel EC installation is capable of operating year-round on solar and wind power, and therefore promises to deliver new insights into the magnitude of CO 2 fluxes and their driving processes through the annual sea ice cycle. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
B. J. Butterworth B. G. T. Else |
author_facet |
B. J. Butterworth B. G. T. Else |
author_sort |
B. J. Butterworth |
title |
Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice |
title_short |
Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice |
title_full |
Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice |
title_fullStr |
Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice |
title_sort |
dried, closed-path eddy covariance method for measuring carbon dioxide flux over sea ice |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018 https://doaj.org/article/e66e60f2b4d64b199cf533a6a40599f8 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-105.130,-105.130,69.037,69.037) ENVELOPE(-107.502,-107.502,68.834,68.834) ENVELOPE(-115.020,-115.020,69.251,69.251) ENVELOPE(-45.592,-45.592,-60.702,-60.702) |
geographic |
Arctic Cambridge Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Dease Strait Nunavut Qikirtaarjuk Island Small Rock |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Cambridge Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Dease Strait Nunavut Qikirtaarjuk Island Small Rock |
genre |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Cambridge Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Nunavut Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Cambridge Bay Canadian Arctic Archipelago Nunavut Sea ice |
op_source |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 11, Pp 6075-6090 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/11/6075/2018/amt-11-6075-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018 1867-1381 1867-8548 https://doaj.org/article/e66e60f2b4d64b199cf533a6a40599f8 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6075-2018 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
6075 |
op_container_end_page |
6090 |
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1766303092542799872 |