Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data
The SWAT model has been widely used to simulate snowmelt runoff in cold regions thanks to its ability of representing the effects of snowmelt and permafrost on runoff generation and confluence. However, a core method used in the SWAT model, the temperature index method, assumes both the dates for ma...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225823 https://doaj.org/article/e4bf6ad53ddb4d98ae55b89869721e5b |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e4bf6ad53ddb4d98ae55b89869721e5b 2023-05-15T17:58:09+02:00 Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data Hongling Zhao Hongyan Li Yunqing Xuan Changhai Li Heshan Ni 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225823 https://doaj.org/article/e4bf6ad53ddb4d98ae55b89869721e5b EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5823 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14225823 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/e4bf6ad53ddb4d98ae55b89869721e5b Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5823, p 5823 (2022) snowmelt runoff climate change snowmelt flood SWAT model remote sensing seasonal snowmelt area Science Q article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225823 2022-12-30T19:41:01Z The SWAT model has been widely used to simulate snowmelt runoff in cold regions thanks to its ability of representing the effects of snowmelt and permafrost on runoff generation and confluence. However, a core method used in the SWAT model, the temperature index method, assumes both the dates for maximum and minimum snowmelt factors and the snowmelt temperature threshold, which leads to inaccuracies in simulating snowmelt runoff in seasonal snowmelt regions. In this paper, we present the development and application of an improved temperature index method for SWAT (SWAT+) in simulating the daily snowmelt runoff in a seasonal snowmelt area of Northeast China. The improvements include the introduction of total radiation to the temperature index method, modification of the snowmelt factor seasonal variation formula, and changing the snowmelt temperature threshold according to the snow depth derived from passive microwave remote sensing data and temperature in the seasonal snowmelt area. Further, the SWAT+ model is applied to study climate change impact on future snowmelt runoff (2025–2054) under the climate change scenarios including SSP2.6, SSP4.5, and SSP8.5. Much improved snowmelt runoff simulation is obtained as a result, supported by several metrics, such as MAE, RE, RMSE, R 2 , and NSE for both the calibration and validation. Compared with the baseline period (1980–2019), the March–April ensemble average snowmelt runoff is shown to decrease under the SSP2.6, SSP4.5, and SSP8.5 scenario during 2025–2054. This study provides a valuable insight into the efficient development and utilization of spring water resources in seasonal snowmelt areas. Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Remote Sensing 14 22 5823 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
snowmelt runoff climate change snowmelt flood SWAT model remote sensing seasonal snowmelt area Science Q |
spellingShingle |
snowmelt runoff climate change snowmelt flood SWAT model remote sensing seasonal snowmelt area Science Q Hongling Zhao Hongyan Li Yunqing Xuan Changhai Li Heshan Ni Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data |
topic_facet |
snowmelt runoff climate change snowmelt flood SWAT model remote sensing seasonal snowmelt area Science Q |
description |
The SWAT model has been widely used to simulate snowmelt runoff in cold regions thanks to its ability of representing the effects of snowmelt and permafrost on runoff generation and confluence. However, a core method used in the SWAT model, the temperature index method, assumes both the dates for maximum and minimum snowmelt factors and the snowmelt temperature threshold, which leads to inaccuracies in simulating snowmelt runoff in seasonal snowmelt regions. In this paper, we present the development and application of an improved temperature index method for SWAT (SWAT+) in simulating the daily snowmelt runoff in a seasonal snowmelt area of Northeast China. The improvements include the introduction of total radiation to the temperature index method, modification of the snowmelt factor seasonal variation formula, and changing the snowmelt temperature threshold according to the snow depth derived from passive microwave remote sensing data and temperature in the seasonal snowmelt area. Further, the SWAT+ model is applied to study climate change impact on future snowmelt runoff (2025–2054) under the climate change scenarios including SSP2.6, SSP4.5, and SSP8.5. Much improved snowmelt runoff simulation is obtained as a result, supported by several metrics, such as MAE, RE, RMSE, R 2 , and NSE for both the calibration and validation. Compared with the baseline period (1980–2019), the March–April ensemble average snowmelt runoff is shown to decrease under the SSP2.6, SSP4.5, and SSP8.5 scenario during 2025–2054. This study provides a valuable insight into the efficient development and utilization of spring water resources in seasonal snowmelt areas. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hongling Zhao Hongyan Li Yunqing Xuan Changhai Li Heshan Ni |
author_facet |
Hongling Zhao Hongyan Li Yunqing Xuan Changhai Li Heshan Ni |
author_sort |
Hongling Zhao |
title |
Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data |
title_short |
Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data |
title_full |
Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data |
title_fullStr |
Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data |
title_full_unstemmed |
Improvement of the SWAT Model for Snowmelt Runoff Simulation in Seasonal Snowmelt Area Using Remote Sensing Data |
title_sort |
improvement of the swat model for snowmelt runoff simulation in seasonal snowmelt area using remote sensing data |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225823 https://doaj.org/article/e4bf6ad53ddb4d98ae55b89869721e5b |
genre |
permafrost |
genre_facet |
permafrost |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5823, p 5823 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5823 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14225823 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/e4bf6ad53ddb4d98ae55b89869721e5b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225823 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
5823 |
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1766166699048960000 |