Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments
Viral lysis is a main mortality factor for bacteria in deep-sea sediments, leading to changing microbial community structures and the release of cellular components to the environment. Nature and fate of these compounds and the role of viruses for microbial diversity is largely unknown. We investiga...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 https://doaj.org/article/e43accc6af3b415eb53476e9cfd93e3d |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e43accc6af3b415eb53476e9cfd93e3d 2023-05-15T15:43:36+02:00 Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments Mara E. Heinrichs Dennis A. Tebbe Bernd Wemheuer Jutta Niggemann Bert Engelen 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 https://doaj.org/article/e43accc6af3b415eb53476e9cfd93e3d EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/9/922 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v12090922 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/e43accc6af3b415eb53476e9cfd93e3d Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 922, p 922 (2020) virus-induction mitomycin C killing the winner Bering Sea prophages Microbiology QR1-502 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 2022-12-31T09:54:48Z Viral lysis is a main mortality factor for bacteria in deep-sea sediments, leading to changing microbial community structures and the release of cellular components to the environment. Nature and fate of these compounds and the role of viruses for microbial diversity is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of viruses on the composition of bacterial communities and the pool of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by setting up virus-induction experiments using mitomycin C with sediments from the seafloor of the Bering Sea. At the sediment surface, no substantial prophage induction was detected, while incubations from 20 cm below seafloor showed a doubling of the virus-to-cell ratio. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed an imprint of cell lysis on the molecular composition of DOM, showing an increase of molecular formulas typical for common biomolecules. More than 50% of these compounds were removed or transformed during incubation. The remaining material potentially contributed to the pool of refractory DOM. Next generation sequencing of the bacterial communities from the induction experiment showed a stable composition over time. In contrast, in the non-treated controls the abundance of dominant taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria) increased at the expense of less abundant phyla. Thus, we conclude that viral lysis was an important driver in sustaining bacterial diversity, consistent with the “killing the winner” model. Article in Journal/Newspaper Bering Sea Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Bering Sea Viruses 12 9 922 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
virus-induction mitomycin C killing the winner Bering Sea prophages Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
virus-induction mitomycin C killing the winner Bering Sea prophages Microbiology QR1-502 Mara E. Heinrichs Dennis A. Tebbe Bernd Wemheuer Jutta Niggemann Bert Engelen Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
topic_facet |
virus-induction mitomycin C killing the winner Bering Sea prophages Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Viral lysis is a main mortality factor for bacteria in deep-sea sediments, leading to changing microbial community structures and the release of cellular components to the environment. Nature and fate of these compounds and the role of viruses for microbial diversity is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of viruses on the composition of bacterial communities and the pool of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by setting up virus-induction experiments using mitomycin C with sediments from the seafloor of the Bering Sea. At the sediment surface, no substantial prophage induction was detected, while incubations from 20 cm below seafloor showed a doubling of the virus-to-cell ratio. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed an imprint of cell lysis on the molecular composition of DOM, showing an increase of molecular formulas typical for common biomolecules. More than 50% of these compounds were removed or transformed during incubation. The remaining material potentially contributed to the pool of refractory DOM. Next generation sequencing of the bacterial communities from the induction experiment showed a stable composition over time. In contrast, in the non-treated controls the abundance of dominant taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria) increased at the expense of less abundant phyla. Thus, we conclude that viral lysis was an important driver in sustaining bacterial diversity, consistent with the “killing the winner” model. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mara E. Heinrichs Dennis A. Tebbe Bernd Wemheuer Jutta Niggemann Bert Engelen |
author_facet |
Mara E. Heinrichs Dennis A. Tebbe Bernd Wemheuer Jutta Niggemann Bert Engelen |
author_sort |
Mara E. Heinrichs |
title |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_short |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_full |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_fullStr |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments |
title_sort |
impact of viral lysis on the composition of bacterial communities and dissolved organic matter in deep-sea sediments |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 https://doaj.org/article/e43accc6af3b415eb53476e9cfd93e3d |
geographic |
Bering Sea |
geographic_facet |
Bering Sea |
genre |
Bering Sea |
genre_facet |
Bering Sea |
op_source |
Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 922, p 922 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/9/922 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v12090922 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/e43accc6af3b415eb53476e9cfd93e3d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090922 |
container_title |
Viruses |
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12 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
922 |
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1766377770992009216 |