Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
Abstract Recent studies have identified inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable health impacts, but to our knowledge this has not been examined in Canadian cities. We evaluated the extent and sources of inequality in air pollution attributable mortality at the census tract (CT)...
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2023
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e37e753e92634ea689c79adb599becff 2023-10-29T02:36:22+01:00 Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities David M. Stieb Marc Smith‐Doiron Matthew Quick Tanya Christidis Guoliang Xi Rosalin M. Miles Aaron vanDonkelaar Randall V. Martin Perry Hystad Michael Tjepkema 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816 https://doaj.org/article/e37e753e92634ea689c79adb599becff EN eng American Geophysical Union (AGU) https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816 https://doaj.org/toc/2471-1403 2471-1403 doi:10.1029/2023GH000816 https://doaj.org/article/e37e753e92634ea689c79adb599becff GeoHealth, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp n/a-n/a (2023) air pollution environmental injustice environmental racism Environmental protection TD169-171.8 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816 2023-10-01T00:36:27Z Abstract Recent studies have identified inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable health impacts, but to our knowledge this has not been examined in Canadian cities. We evaluated the extent and sources of inequality in air pollution attributable mortality at the census tract (CT) level in seven of Canada's largest cities. We first regressed fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) attributable mortality against the neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of age 65 and older, low income, low educational attainment, and identification as an Indigenous (First Nations, Métis, Inuit) or Black person, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We next examined the distribution of baseline mortality rates, PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, and attributable mortality by neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of these characteristics, calculating the concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient. Finally, we conducted a counterfactual analysis of the impact of reducing baseline mortality rates and air pollution concentrations on inequality in air pollution attributable mortality. Regression results indicated that CTs with a higher prevalence of low income and Indigenous identity had significantly higher air pollution attributable mortality. Concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient values revealed different degrees of inequality among the cities. Counterfactual analysis indicated that inequality in air pollution attributable mortality tended to be driven more by baseline mortality inequalities than exposure inequalities. Reducing inequality in air pollution attributable mortality requires reducing disparities in both baseline mortality and air pollution exposure. Article in Journal/Newspaper First Nations inuit Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles GeoHealth 7 9 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
air pollution environmental injustice environmental racism Environmental protection TD169-171.8 |
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air pollution environmental injustice environmental racism Environmental protection TD169-171.8 David M. Stieb Marc Smith‐Doiron Matthew Quick Tanya Christidis Guoliang Xi Rosalin M. Miles Aaron vanDonkelaar Randall V. Martin Perry Hystad Michael Tjepkema Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities |
topic_facet |
air pollution environmental injustice environmental racism Environmental protection TD169-171.8 |
description |
Abstract Recent studies have identified inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable health impacts, but to our knowledge this has not been examined in Canadian cities. We evaluated the extent and sources of inequality in air pollution attributable mortality at the census tract (CT) level in seven of Canada's largest cities. We first regressed fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) attributable mortality against the neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of age 65 and older, low income, low educational attainment, and identification as an Indigenous (First Nations, Métis, Inuit) or Black person, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We next examined the distribution of baseline mortality rates, PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, and attributable mortality by neighborhood (CT) level prevalence of these characteristics, calculating the concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient. Finally, we conducted a counterfactual analysis of the impact of reducing baseline mortality rates and air pollution concentrations on inequality in air pollution attributable mortality. Regression results indicated that CTs with a higher prevalence of low income and Indigenous identity had significantly higher air pollution attributable mortality. Concentration index, Atkinson index, and Gini coefficient values revealed different degrees of inequality among the cities. Counterfactual analysis indicated that inequality in air pollution attributable mortality tended to be driven more by baseline mortality inequalities than exposure inequalities. Reducing inequality in air pollution attributable mortality requires reducing disparities in both baseline mortality and air pollution exposure. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
David M. Stieb Marc Smith‐Doiron Matthew Quick Tanya Christidis Guoliang Xi Rosalin M. Miles Aaron vanDonkelaar Randall V. Martin Perry Hystad Michael Tjepkema |
author_facet |
David M. Stieb Marc Smith‐Doiron Matthew Quick Tanya Christidis Guoliang Xi Rosalin M. Miles Aaron vanDonkelaar Randall V. Martin Perry Hystad Michael Tjepkema |
author_sort |
David M. Stieb |
title |
Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities |
title_short |
Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities |
title_full |
Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities |
title_fullStr |
Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities |
title_sort |
inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable mortality within canadian cities |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816 https://doaj.org/article/e37e753e92634ea689c79adb599becff |
genre |
First Nations inuit |
genre_facet |
First Nations inuit |
op_source |
GeoHealth, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp n/a-n/a (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816 https://doaj.org/toc/2471-1403 2471-1403 doi:10.1029/2023GH000816 https://doaj.org/article/e37e753e92634ea689c79adb599becff |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000816 |
container_title |
GeoHealth |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
9 |
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1781060233928376320 |