The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016
Abstract Background Since 2004, Kenya’s national malaria treatment guidelines have stipulated artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, and since 2014, confirmatory diagnosis of malaria in all cases before treatment has been recommended. A number...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e33314cc995f489fb45917b3f6a80bd5 2023-05-15T15:18:33+02:00 The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 ACTwatch Group Anne Musuva Waqo Ejersa Rebecca Kiptui Dorothy Memusi Edward Abwao 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 https://doaj.org/article/e33314cc995f489fb45917b3f6a80bd5 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/e33314cc995f489fb45917b3f6a80bd5 Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017) Malaria control case management Anti-malarial ACT Private sector Public sector Malaria diagnosis Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 2022-12-31T14:53:15Z Abstract Background Since 2004, Kenya’s national malaria treatment guidelines have stipulated artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, and since 2014, confirmatory diagnosis of malaria in all cases before treatment has been recommended. A number of strategies to support national guidelines have been implemented in the public and private sectors in recent years. A nationally-representative malaria outlet survey, implemented across four epidemiological zones, was conducted between June and August 2016 to provide practical evidence to inform strategies and policies in Kenya towards achieving national malaria control goals. Results A total of 17,852 outlets were screened and 2271 outlets were eligible and interviewed. 78.3% of all screened public health facilities stocked both malaria diagnostic testing and quality-assured ACT (QAACT). Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy was available in 70% of public health facilities in endemic areas where it is recommended for treatment. SP was rarely found in the public sector outside of the endemic areas (< 0.5%). The anti-malaria stocking private sector had lower levels of QAACT (46.7%) and malaria blood testing (20.8%) availability but accounted for majority of anti-malarial distribution (70.6% of the national market share). More than 40% of anti-malarials were distributed by unregistered pharmacies (37.3%) and general retailers (7.1%). QAACT accounted for 58.2% of the total anti-malarial market share, while market share for non-QAACT was 15.8% and for SP, 24.8%. In endemic areas, 74.9% of anti-malarials distributed were QAACT. Elsewhere, QAACT market share was 49.4% in the endemic-prone areas, 33.2% in seasonal-transmission areas and 37.9% in low-risk areas. Conclusion Although public sector availability of QAACT and malaria diagnosis is relatively high, there is a gap in availability of both testing and treatment that must be addressed. The private sector in Kenya, where ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 16 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Malaria control case management Anti-malarial ACT Private sector Public sector Malaria diagnosis Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Malaria control case management Anti-malarial ACT Private sector Public sector Malaria diagnosis Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 ACTwatch Group Anne Musuva Waqo Ejersa Rebecca Kiptui Dorothy Memusi Edward Abwao The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 |
topic_facet |
Malaria control case management Anti-malarial ACT Private sector Public sector Malaria diagnosis Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Since 2004, Kenya’s national malaria treatment guidelines have stipulated artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, and since 2014, confirmatory diagnosis of malaria in all cases before treatment has been recommended. A number of strategies to support national guidelines have been implemented in the public and private sectors in recent years. A nationally-representative malaria outlet survey, implemented across four epidemiological zones, was conducted between June and August 2016 to provide practical evidence to inform strategies and policies in Kenya towards achieving national malaria control goals. Results A total of 17,852 outlets were screened and 2271 outlets were eligible and interviewed. 78.3% of all screened public health facilities stocked both malaria diagnostic testing and quality-assured ACT (QAACT). Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy was available in 70% of public health facilities in endemic areas where it is recommended for treatment. SP was rarely found in the public sector outside of the endemic areas (< 0.5%). The anti-malaria stocking private sector had lower levels of QAACT (46.7%) and malaria blood testing (20.8%) availability but accounted for majority of anti-malarial distribution (70.6% of the national market share). More than 40% of anti-malarials were distributed by unregistered pharmacies (37.3%) and general retailers (7.1%). QAACT accounted for 58.2% of the total anti-malarial market share, while market share for non-QAACT was 15.8% and for SP, 24.8%. In endemic areas, 74.9% of anti-malarials distributed were QAACT. Elsewhere, QAACT market share was 49.4% in the endemic-prone areas, 33.2% in seasonal-transmission areas and 37.9% in low-risk areas. Conclusion Although public sector availability of QAACT and malaria diagnosis is relatively high, there is a gap in availability of both testing and treatment that must be addressed. The private sector in Kenya, where ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
ACTwatch Group Anne Musuva Waqo Ejersa Rebecca Kiptui Dorothy Memusi Edward Abwao |
author_facet |
ACTwatch Group Anne Musuva Waqo Ejersa Rebecca Kiptui Dorothy Memusi Edward Abwao |
author_sort |
ACTwatch Group |
title |
The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 |
title_short |
The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 |
title_full |
The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 |
title_fullStr |
The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 |
title_sort |
malaria testing and treatment landscape in kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016 |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 https://doaj.org/article/e33314cc995f489fb45917b3f6a80bd5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/e33314cc995f489fb45917b3f6a80bd5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2089-0 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766348744971780096 |