Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy
Laser altimeters are capable of achieving fine mapping of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of the Moon, which can provide fundamental topographic data for planetary missions. However, various factors can cause uncertainty in the geolocation of laser spots, which in turn causes terrain artifac...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e30b66efbc7f4f738f1990a3340763bc 2023-05-15T18:22:13+02:00 Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy Huan Xie Xiaoshuai Liu Yusheng Xu Zhen Ye Shijie Liu Xin Li Binbin Li Qi Xu Yalei Guo Xiaohua Tong 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204765 https://doaj.org/article/e30b66efbc7f4f738f1990a3340763bc EN eng IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9880526/ https://doaj.org/toc/2151-1535 2151-1535 doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204765 https://doaj.org/article/e30b66efbc7f4f738f1990a3340763bc IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 9796-9808 (2022) Laser altimetry lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA) permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) topographic mapping Ocean engineering TC1501-1800 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204765 2022-12-30T19:42:42Z Laser altimeters are capable of achieving fine mapping of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of the Moon, which can provide fundamental topographic data for planetary missions. However, various factors can cause uncertainty in the geolocation of laser spots, which in turn causes terrain artifacts. In this article, we present an iterative self-constrained adjustment method to reduce the uncertainty of laser spot positioning. First, grid search was conducted for each altimetric profile from the lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA), to minimize the weighted root-mean-square error (RMSE), constrained by the other altimetric profiles. Second, the updated profiles were iteratively adjusted until the adjustment value for the plane position converged. In addition, statistics from the standardized de-trended slope and residual were created to eliminate outliers, which were indeed some pseudo-topographic observations. In order to validate the results, the deviation of the elevation by projecting the adjusted laser profiles onto the improved LOLA digital elevation model (DEM) were calculated. The mean absolute error between the two is 0.25 m and the RMSE is 0.46 m. For the local terrain features with large differences, high resolution optical images were used for visual interpretation. The analysis shows that the obtained results appear to be more reasonable. Finally, using the corrected LOLA altimetric data, we made a new DEM of the PSRs within 89°S of the lunar south pole, which can provide a refined and reliable topographic dataset for follow-up research. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Lola ENVELOPE(-44.700,-44.700,-60.717,-60.717) South Pole IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 15 9796 9808 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Laser altimetry lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA) permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) topographic mapping Ocean engineering TC1501-1800 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
spellingShingle |
Laser altimetry lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA) permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) topographic mapping Ocean engineering TC1501-1800 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 Huan Xie Xiaoshuai Liu Yusheng Xu Zhen Ye Shijie Liu Xin Li Binbin Li Qi Xu Yalei Guo Xiaohua Tong Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy |
topic_facet |
Laser altimetry lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA) permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) topographic mapping Ocean engineering TC1501-1800 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
description |
Laser altimeters are capable of achieving fine mapping of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of the Moon, which can provide fundamental topographic data for planetary missions. However, various factors can cause uncertainty in the geolocation of laser spots, which in turn causes terrain artifacts. In this article, we present an iterative self-constrained adjustment method to reduce the uncertainty of laser spot positioning. First, grid search was conducted for each altimetric profile from the lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA), to minimize the weighted root-mean-square error (RMSE), constrained by the other altimetric profiles. Second, the updated profiles were iteratively adjusted until the adjustment value for the plane position converged. In addition, statistics from the standardized de-trended slope and residual were created to eliminate outliers, which were indeed some pseudo-topographic observations. In order to validate the results, the deviation of the elevation by projecting the adjusted laser profiles onto the improved LOLA digital elevation model (DEM) were calculated. The mean absolute error between the two is 0.25 m and the RMSE is 0.46 m. For the local terrain features with large differences, high resolution optical images were used for visual interpretation. The analysis shows that the obtained results appear to be more reasonable. Finally, using the corrected LOLA altimetric data, we made a new DEM of the PSRs within 89°S of the lunar south pole, which can provide a refined and reliable topographic dataset for follow-up research. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Huan Xie Xiaoshuai Liu Yusheng Xu Zhen Ye Shijie Liu Xin Li Binbin Li Qi Xu Yalei Guo Xiaohua Tong |
author_facet |
Huan Xie Xiaoshuai Liu Yusheng Xu Zhen Ye Shijie Liu Xin Li Binbin Li Qi Xu Yalei Guo Xiaohua Tong |
author_sort |
Huan Xie |
title |
Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy |
title_short |
Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy |
title_full |
Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy |
title_fullStr |
Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Using Laser Altimetry to Finely Map the Permanently Shadowed Regions of the Lunar South Pole Using an Iterative Self-Constrained Adjustment Strategy |
title_sort |
using laser altimetry to finely map the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar south pole using an iterative self-constrained adjustment strategy |
publisher |
IEEE |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204765 https://doaj.org/article/e30b66efbc7f4f738f1990a3340763bc |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-44.700,-44.700,-60.717,-60.717) |
geographic |
Lola South Pole |
geographic_facet |
Lola South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Pp 9796-9808 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9880526/ https://doaj.org/toc/2151-1535 2151-1535 doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204765 https://doaj.org/article/e30b66efbc7f4f738f1990a3340763bc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3204765 |
container_title |
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
15 |
container_start_page |
9796 |
op_container_end_page |
9808 |
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1766201602156265472 |