Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Improved sanitation has been hypothesized to reduce soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections by reducing the prevalence and concentration of STH eggs/larvae in soil. We evaluated the effect of a randomized sanitation program (providing households with an improved dual-pit latrine, tools for child/...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 https://doaj.org/article/e2d060889bdc4d1e9ec1e01a8089d75c |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e2d060889bdc4d1e9ec1e01a8089d75c 2023-05-15T15:18:34+02:00 Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Laura H Kwong Debashis Sen Sharmin Islam Sunny Shahriar Jade Benjamin-Chung Benjamin F Arnold Alan Hubbard Sarker Masud Parvez Mahfuza Islam Leanne Unicomb Md Mahbubur Rahman Kara Nelson John M Colford Stephen P Luby Ayse Ercumen 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 https://doaj.org/article/e2d060889bdc4d1e9ec1e01a8089d75c EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 https://doaj.org/article/e2d060889bdc4d1e9ec1e01a8089d75c PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0008815 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 2022-12-31T16:22:36Z Improved sanitation has been hypothesized to reduce soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections by reducing the prevalence and concentration of STH eggs/larvae in soil. We evaluated the effect of a randomized sanitation program (providing households with an improved dual-pit latrine, tools for child/animal feces management, and behavioral messaging) on reducing the prevalence and concentration of STH eggs in soil from household courtyards. We collected soil samples from 1405 households enrolled in the sanitation intervention (n = 419) and control (n = 914) groups of a cluster-randomized controlled trial (WASH Benefits) in rural Bangladesh approximately 2 years after the initiation of the interventions. We analyzed samples for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm eggs by microscopy. We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and egg count ratio (ECR) to compare the prevalence of STH eggs and arithmetic and geometric mean egg counts for STH eggs per gram of soil in the sanitation and control arms. Among intervention households, latrines achieved high and sustained user uptake by adults while child open defecation remained common and most households did not dispose of child feces hygienically. In courtyard soil from control households, the prevalence of any STH eggs was 75.7% and the prevalence of any larvated STH eggs was 67.3%. A. lumbricoides was detected in 63.0% of control samples and T. trichiura in 55.7% of control samples; hookworm was not detected in any sample. In the control arm, the arithmetic mean egg count for any STH was 3.96 eggs/dry gram, while the geometric mean was 1.58 eggs/dry gram. There was no difference between the intervention and control groups in the prevalence of any STH eggs (PR = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.05)) or mean egg counts (ECR = 0.08 (95% CI: -0.10, 0.26) for geometric mean and 0.07 (95% CI: -0.22, 0.37) for arithmetic mean). Adjusted models gave similar results. A compound-level sanitation intervention that provided improved latrines and tools for disposal of child and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 7 e0008815 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Laura H Kwong Debashis Sen Sharmin Islam Sunny Shahriar Jade Benjamin-Chung Benjamin F Arnold Alan Hubbard Sarker Masud Parvez Mahfuza Islam Leanne Unicomb Md Mahbubur Rahman Kara Nelson John M Colford Stephen P Luby Ayse Ercumen Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Improved sanitation has been hypothesized to reduce soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections by reducing the prevalence and concentration of STH eggs/larvae in soil. We evaluated the effect of a randomized sanitation program (providing households with an improved dual-pit latrine, tools for child/animal feces management, and behavioral messaging) on reducing the prevalence and concentration of STH eggs in soil from household courtyards. We collected soil samples from 1405 households enrolled in the sanitation intervention (n = 419) and control (n = 914) groups of a cluster-randomized controlled trial (WASH Benefits) in rural Bangladesh approximately 2 years after the initiation of the interventions. We analyzed samples for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm eggs by microscopy. We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and egg count ratio (ECR) to compare the prevalence of STH eggs and arithmetic and geometric mean egg counts for STH eggs per gram of soil in the sanitation and control arms. Among intervention households, latrines achieved high and sustained user uptake by adults while child open defecation remained common and most households did not dispose of child feces hygienically. In courtyard soil from control households, the prevalence of any STH eggs was 75.7% and the prevalence of any larvated STH eggs was 67.3%. A. lumbricoides was detected in 63.0% of control samples and T. trichiura in 55.7% of control samples; hookworm was not detected in any sample. In the control arm, the arithmetic mean egg count for any STH was 3.96 eggs/dry gram, while the geometric mean was 1.58 eggs/dry gram. There was no difference between the intervention and control groups in the prevalence of any STH eggs (PR = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.05)) or mean egg counts (ECR = 0.08 (95% CI: -0.10, 0.26) for geometric mean and 0.07 (95% CI: -0.22, 0.37) for arithmetic mean). Adjusted models gave similar results. A compound-level sanitation intervention that provided improved latrines and tools for disposal of child and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Laura H Kwong Debashis Sen Sharmin Islam Sunny Shahriar Jade Benjamin-Chung Benjamin F Arnold Alan Hubbard Sarker Masud Parvez Mahfuza Islam Leanne Unicomb Md Mahbubur Rahman Kara Nelson John M Colford Stephen P Luby Ayse Ercumen |
author_facet |
Laura H Kwong Debashis Sen Sharmin Islam Sunny Shahriar Jade Benjamin-Chung Benjamin F Arnold Alan Hubbard Sarker Masud Parvez Mahfuza Islam Leanne Unicomb Md Mahbubur Rahman Kara Nelson John M Colford Stephen P Luby Ayse Ercumen |
author_sort |
Laura H Kwong |
title |
Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. |
title_short |
Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. |
title_full |
Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. |
title_fullStr |
Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. |
title_sort |
effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural bangladesh: evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 https://doaj.org/article/e2d060889bdc4d1e9ec1e01a8089d75c |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0008815 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 https://doaj.org/article/e2d060889bdc4d1e9ec1e01a8089d75c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008815 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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15 |
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7 |
container_start_page |
e0008815 |
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