Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years
Particle fluxes at the Southern Ocean time series (SOTS) site in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) south of Australia (∼47°S, ∼142°E, 4600 m water depth) were collected from 1997 – 2017 using moored sediment traps at nominal depths of 1000, 2000, and 3800 m. Annually integrated mass fluxes showed moderate...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e2a50709e80645cdbb122ca2a5a542ba 2023-05-15T17:52:10+02:00 Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards Elizabeth H. Shadwick Diana M. Davies Stephen G. Bray Peter Jansen Rebecca Trinh Thomas W. Trull 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00329 https://doaj.org/article/e2a50709e80645cdbb122ca2a5a542ba EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00329/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463 2296-6463 doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00329 https://doaj.org/article/e2a50709e80645cdbb122ca2a5a542ba Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol 8 (2020) particle flux Subantarctic Zone Southern Ocean time series seasonal variability ocean acidification Science Q article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00329 2022-12-31T10:59:47Z Particle fluxes at the Southern Ocean time series (SOTS) site in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) south of Australia (∼47°S, ∼142°E, 4600 m water depth) were collected from 1997 – 2017 using moored sediment traps at nominal depths of 1000, 2000, and 3800 m. Annually integrated mass fluxes showed moderate variability of 14 ± 6 g m–2 yr–1 at 1000 m, 20 ± 6 g m–2 yr–1 at 2000 m and 21 ± 4 g m–2 yr–1 at 3800 m. Particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes were similar to the global median, indicating that the Subantarctic Southern Ocean exports considerable amounts of carbon to the deep sea despite its high-nutrient, low chlorophyll characteristics. The interannual flux variations were larger than those of net primary productivity as estimated from satellite observations. Particle compositions were dominated by carbonate minerals (>60% at all depths), opal (∼10% at all depths), and particulate organic matter (∼17% at 1000 m, decreasing to ∼10% at 3800 m), with seasonal and interannual variability much smaller than for their flux magnitudes. The carbonate counter-pump effect reduced carbon sequestration by ∼8 ± 2%. The average seasonal cycle at 1000 m had a two-peak structure, with a larger early spring peak (October/November) and a smaller late summer (January/February) peak. At the two deeper traps, these peaks became less distinct with a greater proportion of the fluxes arriving in autumn. Singular value decomposition (SVD) shows that this temperate seasonal structure accounts for ∼80% of the total variance (SVD Mode 1), but also that its influence varies significantly relative to Modes 2 and 3 which describe changes in seasonal timings. This occurrence of significant interannual variability in seasonality yet relatively constant annual fluxes, is likely to be useful in selecting appropriate models for the simulation of environmental-ecological coupling and its role in controlling the biological carbon pump. No temporal trends were detected in the mass or component fluxes, or in the time series of the SVD Modes. The SOTS ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Southern Ocean Frontiers in Earth Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
particle flux Subantarctic Zone Southern Ocean time series seasonal variability ocean acidification Science Q |
spellingShingle |
particle flux Subantarctic Zone Southern Ocean time series seasonal variability ocean acidification Science Q Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards Elizabeth H. Shadwick Diana M. Davies Stephen G. Bray Peter Jansen Rebecca Trinh Thomas W. Trull Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years |
topic_facet |
particle flux Subantarctic Zone Southern Ocean time series seasonal variability ocean acidification Science Q |
description |
Particle fluxes at the Southern Ocean time series (SOTS) site in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) south of Australia (∼47°S, ∼142°E, 4600 m water depth) were collected from 1997 – 2017 using moored sediment traps at nominal depths of 1000, 2000, and 3800 m. Annually integrated mass fluxes showed moderate variability of 14 ± 6 g m–2 yr–1 at 1000 m, 20 ± 6 g m–2 yr–1 at 2000 m and 21 ± 4 g m–2 yr–1 at 3800 m. Particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes were similar to the global median, indicating that the Subantarctic Southern Ocean exports considerable amounts of carbon to the deep sea despite its high-nutrient, low chlorophyll characteristics. The interannual flux variations were larger than those of net primary productivity as estimated from satellite observations. Particle compositions were dominated by carbonate minerals (>60% at all depths), opal (∼10% at all depths), and particulate organic matter (∼17% at 1000 m, decreasing to ∼10% at 3800 m), with seasonal and interannual variability much smaller than for their flux magnitudes. The carbonate counter-pump effect reduced carbon sequestration by ∼8 ± 2%. The average seasonal cycle at 1000 m had a two-peak structure, with a larger early spring peak (October/November) and a smaller late summer (January/February) peak. At the two deeper traps, these peaks became less distinct with a greater proportion of the fluxes arriving in autumn. Singular value decomposition (SVD) shows that this temperate seasonal structure accounts for ∼80% of the total variance (SVD Mode 1), but also that its influence varies significantly relative to Modes 2 and 3 which describe changes in seasonal timings. This occurrence of significant interannual variability in seasonality yet relatively constant annual fluxes, is likely to be useful in selecting appropriate models for the simulation of environmental-ecological coupling and its role in controlling the biological carbon pump. No temporal trends were detected in the mass or component fluxes, or in the time series of the SVD Modes. The SOTS ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards Elizabeth H. Shadwick Diana M. Davies Stephen G. Bray Peter Jansen Rebecca Trinh Thomas W. Trull |
author_facet |
Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards Elizabeth H. Shadwick Diana M. Davies Stephen G. Bray Peter Jansen Rebecca Trinh Thomas W. Trull |
author_sort |
Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards |
title |
Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years |
title_short |
Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years |
title_full |
Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years |
title_fullStr |
Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years |
title_full_unstemmed |
Particle Fluxes at the Australian Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) Achieve Organic Carbon Sequestration at Rates Close to the Global Median, Are Dominated by Biogenic Carbonates, and Show No Temporal Trends Over 20-Years |
title_sort |
particle fluxes at the australian southern ocean time series (sots) achieve organic carbon sequestration at rates close to the global median, are dominated by biogenic carbonates, and show no temporal trends over 20-years |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00329 https://doaj.org/article/e2a50709e80645cdbb122ca2a5a542ba |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol 8 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00329/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463 2296-6463 doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00329 https://doaj.org/article/e2a50709e80645cdbb122ca2a5a542ba |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00329 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766159528324235264 |