Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland
The 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption is the largest in Iceland in historical time. It erupted 21.0 km3 of magma, with 1.3 km3 as tephra in at least 16 explosive episodes from subaerial and subglacial vents, producing magmatic and phreatomagmatic deposits respectively. Grain-size distributions fo...
Published in: | Volcanica |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Volcanica
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 https://doaj.org/article/e2569da9f468456e8cd993cda728a485 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e2569da9f468456e8cd993cda728a485 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e2569da9f468456e8cd993cda728a485 2023-05-15T16:47:24+02:00 Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland William Michael Moreland Thor Thordarson Bruce F. Houghton Gudrún Larsen 2019-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 https://doaj.org/article/e2569da9f468456e8cd993cda728a485 EN eng Volcanica https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/31 https://doaj.org/toc/2610-3540 2610-3540 doi:10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 https://doaj.org/article/e2569da9f468456e8cd993cda728a485 Volcanica, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 129-150 (2019) Vesicle number Density Fissure eruption Subglacial Phreatomagmatic Eldgjá Geology QE1-996.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 2022-12-31T16:37:05Z The 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption is the largest in Iceland in historical time. It erupted 21.0 km3 of magma, with 1.3 km3 as tephra in at least 16 explosive episodes from subaerial and subglacial vents, producing magmatic and phreatomagmatic deposits respectively. Grain-size distributions for these end-members show distinct differences at comparable distances from source: the former are coarser and unimodal; the latter are finer and bimodal. These distributions appear to record different primary fragmentation histories. In contrast, the vesicle-size distributions of pyroclasts from each type of deposit show the pyroclasts underwent similar vesicle nucleation and growth prior to fragmentation. This indicates that the role of glacial water was comparatively late-stage, re-fragmenting an already disrupting magma by quench granulation. The presence of microlite-rich domains within clasts reveals a history of complex conduit evolution, during the transition from a continuous dyke to focussed, discrete vents. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Eldgjá ENVELOPE(-18.608,-18.608,63.962,63.962) Volcanica 2 2 129 150 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Vesicle number Density Fissure eruption Subglacial Phreatomagmatic Eldgjá Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Vesicle number Density Fissure eruption Subglacial Phreatomagmatic Eldgjá Geology QE1-996.5 William Michael Moreland Thor Thordarson Bruce F. Houghton Gudrún Larsen Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland |
topic_facet |
Vesicle number Density Fissure eruption Subglacial Phreatomagmatic Eldgjá Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption is the largest in Iceland in historical time. It erupted 21.0 km3 of magma, with 1.3 km3 as tephra in at least 16 explosive episodes from subaerial and subglacial vents, producing magmatic and phreatomagmatic deposits respectively. Grain-size distributions for these end-members show distinct differences at comparable distances from source: the former are coarser and unimodal; the latter are finer and bimodal. These distributions appear to record different primary fragmentation histories. In contrast, the vesicle-size distributions of pyroclasts from each type of deposit show the pyroclasts underwent similar vesicle nucleation and growth prior to fragmentation. This indicates that the role of glacial water was comparatively late-stage, re-fragmenting an already disrupting magma by quench granulation. The presence of microlite-rich domains within clasts reveals a history of complex conduit evolution, during the transition from a continuous dyke to focussed, discrete vents. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
William Michael Moreland Thor Thordarson Bruce F. Houghton Gudrún Larsen |
author_facet |
William Michael Moreland Thor Thordarson Bruce F. Houghton Gudrún Larsen |
author_sort |
William Michael Moreland |
title |
Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland |
title_short |
Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland |
title_full |
Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption, southern Iceland |
title_sort |
driving mechanisms of subaerial and subglacial explosive episodes during the 10th century eldgjá fissure eruption, southern iceland |
publisher |
Volcanica |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 https://doaj.org/article/e2569da9f468456e8cd993cda728a485 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-18.608,-18.608,63.962,63.962) |
geographic |
Eldgjá |
geographic_facet |
Eldgjá |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Volcanica, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 129-150 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/31 https://doaj.org/toc/2610-3540 2610-3540 doi:10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 https://doaj.org/article/e2569da9f468456e8cd993cda728a485 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 |
container_title |
Volcanica |
container_volume |
2 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
129 |
op_container_end_page |
150 |
_version_ |
1766037488023896064 |