Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence.
Uncultivable HPR0 strains of infectious salmon anaemia viruses (ISAVs) infecting gills are non-virulent putative precursors of virulent ISAVs (vISAVs) causing systemic disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The transition to virulence involves two molecular events, a deletion in the highly...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e1886c088dd54f788d03e23ec64a8cfc 2023-05-15T15:32:50+02:00 Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. Turhan Markussen Hilde Sindre Christine Monceyron Jonassen Torstein Tengs Anja B Kristoffersen Jon Ramsell Sanela Numanovic Monika J Hjortaas Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Knut Falk 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081571 https://doaj.org/article/e1886c088dd54f788d03e23ec64a8cfc EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3841194?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081571 https://doaj.org/article/e1886c088dd54f788d03e23ec64a8cfc PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e81571 (2013) Medicine R Science Q article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081571 2022-12-31T14:54:14Z Uncultivable HPR0 strains of infectious salmon anaemia viruses (ISAVs) infecting gills are non-virulent putative precursors of virulent ISAVs (vISAVs) causing systemic disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The transition to virulence involves two molecular events, a deletion in the highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene and a Q266→L266 substitution or insertion next to the putative cleavage site (R267) in the fusion protein (F). We have performed ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) of these gene regions from healthy fish positive for HPR0 virus carrying full-length HPR sampled in a screening program, and a vISAV strain from an ISA outbreak at the same farming site three weeks later, and compared the mutant spectra. As the UDPS data shows the presence of both HE genotypes at both sampling times, and the outbreak strain was unlikely to be directly related to the HPR0 strain, this is the first report of a double infection with HPR0s and vISAVs. For F amplicon reads, mutation frequencies generating L266 codons in screening samples and Q266 codons in outbreak samples were not higher than at any random site. We suggest quasispecies heterogeneity as well as RNA structural properties are linked to transition to virulence. More specifically, a mechanism where selected single point mutations in the full-length HPR alter the RNA structure facilitating single- or sequential deletions in this region is proposed. The data provides stronger support for the deletion hypothesis, as opposed to recombination, as the responsible mechanism for generating the sequence deletions in HE. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLoS ONE 8 11 e81571 |
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English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Turhan Markussen Hilde Sindre Christine Monceyron Jonassen Torstein Tengs Anja B Kristoffersen Jon Ramsell Sanela Numanovic Monika J Hjortaas Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Knut Falk Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Uncultivable HPR0 strains of infectious salmon anaemia viruses (ISAVs) infecting gills are non-virulent putative precursors of virulent ISAVs (vISAVs) causing systemic disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The transition to virulence involves two molecular events, a deletion in the highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene and a Q266→L266 substitution or insertion next to the putative cleavage site (R267) in the fusion protein (F). We have performed ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) of these gene regions from healthy fish positive for HPR0 virus carrying full-length HPR sampled in a screening program, and a vISAV strain from an ISA outbreak at the same farming site three weeks later, and compared the mutant spectra. As the UDPS data shows the presence of both HE genotypes at both sampling times, and the outbreak strain was unlikely to be directly related to the HPR0 strain, this is the first report of a double infection with HPR0s and vISAVs. For F amplicon reads, mutation frequencies generating L266 codons in screening samples and Q266 codons in outbreak samples were not higher than at any random site. We suggest quasispecies heterogeneity as well as RNA structural properties are linked to transition to virulence. More specifically, a mechanism where selected single point mutations in the full-length HPR alter the RNA structure facilitating single- or sequential deletions in this region is proposed. The data provides stronger support for the deletion hypothesis, as opposed to recombination, as the responsible mechanism for generating the sequence deletions in HE. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Turhan Markussen Hilde Sindre Christine Monceyron Jonassen Torstein Tengs Anja B Kristoffersen Jon Ramsell Sanela Numanovic Monika J Hjortaas Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Knut Falk |
author_facet |
Turhan Markussen Hilde Sindre Christine Monceyron Jonassen Torstein Tengs Anja B Kristoffersen Jon Ramsell Sanela Numanovic Monika J Hjortaas Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Knut Falk |
author_sort |
Turhan Markussen |
title |
Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. |
title_short |
Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. |
title_full |
Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. |
title_fullStr |
Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. |
title_sort |
ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081571 https://doaj.org/article/e1886c088dd54f788d03e23ec64a8cfc |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e81571 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3841194?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081571 https://doaj.org/article/e1886c088dd54f788d03e23ec64a8cfc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081571 |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
e81571 |
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1766363308873482240 |