A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake
Abstract Adaptive radiation is the diversification of species to different ecological niches and has repeatedly occurred in different salmonid fish of postglacial lakes. In Lake Tinnsjøen, one of the largest and deepest lakes in Norway, the salmonid fish, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)), has...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e149fea9d7134ec5a53b7eced9a45d4d 2023-05-15T14:30:03+02:00 A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake Ana‐Maria Peris Tamayo Olivier Devineau Kim Præbel Kimmo K. Kahilainen Kjartan Østbye 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6771 https://doaj.org/article/e149fea9d7134ec5a53b7eced9a45d4d EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6771 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758 2045-7758 doi:10.1002/ece3.6771 https://doaj.org/article/e149fea9d7134ec5a53b7eced9a45d4d Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 20, Pp 11335-11351 (2020) adaptive radiation ecological speciation evolution phenotypic plasticity polymorphism species complex Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6771 2022-12-31T08:08:31Z Abstract Adaptive radiation is the diversification of species to different ecological niches and has repeatedly occurred in different salmonid fish of postglacial lakes. In Lake Tinnsjøen, one of the largest and deepest lakes in Norway, the salmonid fish, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)), has likely radiated within 9,700 years after deglaciation into ecologically and genetically segregated Piscivore, Planktivore, Dwarf, and Abyssal morphs in the pelagial, littoral, shallow‐moderate profundal, and deep‐profundal habitats. We compared trait variation in the size of the head, the eye and olfactory organs, as well as the volumes of five brain regions of these four Arctic charr morphs. We hypothesised that specific habitat characteristics have promoted divergent body, head, and brain sizes related to utilized depth differing in environmental constraints (e.g., light, oxygen, pressure, temperature, and food quality). The most important ecomorphological variables differentiating morphs were eye area, habitat, and number of lamellae. The Abyssal morph living in the deepest areas of the lake had the smallest brain region volumes, head, and eye size. Comparing the olfactory bulb with the optic tectum in size, it was larger in the Abyssal morph than in the Piscivore morph. The Piscivore and Planktivore morphs that use more illuminated habitats have the largest optic tectum volume, followed by the Dwarf. The observed differences in body size and sensory capacities in terms of vision and olfaction in shallow and deepwater morphs likely relates to foraging and mating habitats in Lake Tinnsjøen. Further seasonal and experimental studies of brain volume in polymorphic species are needed to test the role of plasticity and adaptive evolution behind the observed differences. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic charr Arctic Salvelinus alpinus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Norway Ecology and Evolution 10 20 11335 11351 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
adaptive radiation ecological speciation evolution phenotypic plasticity polymorphism species complex Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
adaptive radiation ecological speciation evolution phenotypic plasticity polymorphism species complex Ecology QH540-549.5 Ana‐Maria Peris Tamayo Olivier Devineau Kim Præbel Kimmo K. Kahilainen Kjartan Østbye A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake |
topic_facet |
adaptive radiation ecological speciation evolution phenotypic plasticity polymorphism species complex Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract Adaptive radiation is the diversification of species to different ecological niches and has repeatedly occurred in different salmonid fish of postglacial lakes. In Lake Tinnsjøen, one of the largest and deepest lakes in Norway, the salmonid fish, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)), has likely radiated within 9,700 years after deglaciation into ecologically and genetically segregated Piscivore, Planktivore, Dwarf, and Abyssal morphs in the pelagial, littoral, shallow‐moderate profundal, and deep‐profundal habitats. We compared trait variation in the size of the head, the eye and olfactory organs, as well as the volumes of five brain regions of these four Arctic charr morphs. We hypothesised that specific habitat characteristics have promoted divergent body, head, and brain sizes related to utilized depth differing in environmental constraints (e.g., light, oxygen, pressure, temperature, and food quality). The most important ecomorphological variables differentiating morphs were eye area, habitat, and number of lamellae. The Abyssal morph living in the deepest areas of the lake had the smallest brain region volumes, head, and eye size. Comparing the olfactory bulb with the optic tectum in size, it was larger in the Abyssal morph than in the Piscivore morph. The Piscivore and Planktivore morphs that use more illuminated habitats have the largest optic tectum volume, followed by the Dwarf. The observed differences in body size and sensory capacities in terms of vision and olfaction in shallow and deepwater morphs likely relates to foraging and mating habitats in Lake Tinnsjøen. Further seasonal and experimental studies of brain volume in polymorphic species are needed to test the role of plasticity and adaptive evolution behind the observed differences. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ana‐Maria Peris Tamayo Olivier Devineau Kim Præbel Kimmo K. Kahilainen Kjartan Østbye |
author_facet |
Ana‐Maria Peris Tamayo Olivier Devineau Kim Præbel Kimmo K. Kahilainen Kjartan Østbye |
author_sort |
Ana‐Maria Peris Tamayo |
title |
A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake |
title_short |
A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake |
title_full |
A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake |
title_fullStr |
A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake |
title_full_unstemmed |
A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake |
title_sort |
brain and a head for a different habitat: size variation in four morphs of arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus (l.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6771 https://doaj.org/article/e149fea9d7134ec5a53b7eced9a45d4d |
geographic |
Arctic Norway |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway |
genre |
Arctic charr Arctic Salvelinus alpinus |
genre_facet |
Arctic charr Arctic Salvelinus alpinus |
op_source |
Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 20, Pp 11335-11351 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6771 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758 2045-7758 doi:10.1002/ece3.6771 https://doaj.org/article/e149fea9d7134ec5a53b7eced9a45d4d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6771 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
11335 |
op_container_end_page |
11351 |
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1766303969815035904 |