Low spatial habitat overlap of herbivores in the High Arctic tundra

• Published in: Global Ecology and Conservation
• Main Authors: Virve Ravolainen, Ingrid M.G. Paulsen, Isabell Eischeid, Jennifer Sorensen Forbey, Eva Fuglei, Tomáš Hájek, Brage B. Hansen, Leif Egil Loe, Petr Macek, Jesper Madsen, Eeva M. Soininen, James D.M. Speed, Audun Stien, Hans Tømmervik, Åshild Ønvik Pedersen
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2024
• Subjects: Goose; Habitat suitability; Management; Ptarmigan; Reindeer; Ecology; QH540-549.5; Arctic; Svalbard; Anser brachyrhynchus; Barnacle goose; Branta leucopsis; Climate change; Lagopus muta; Lagopus muta hyperborea; Pink-footed Goose; Rangifer tarandus; Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus; rock ptarmigan; svalbard reindeer; Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan; Tundra
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02797; https://doaj.org/article/e0e4df41e0084990888400a622d2bf00

Herbivores play a crucial role in shaping tundra ecosystems through their effects on vegetation, nutrient cycling, and soil abiotic factors. Understanding their habitat use, co-occurrence, and overlap is therefore essential for informing ecosystem-based management and conservation. In the High Arctic, only a marginal proportion of the land area is vegetated, and climate change is impacting herbivore population sizes and their habitats. In this study, we assessed the spatial habitat overlap of a vertebrate herbivore community based on: 1) regional predictive summer habitat suitability models for the resident Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), resident Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea), and the migratory pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and 2) presence of fecal pellets, reflecting the annual habitat use of reindeer, ptarmigan, and geese, including the pink-footed goose and barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). Our findings revealed that only small proportions of the available land cover (∼ 12,516 km2; all land area excluding glaciers and freshwater) are suitable for each of the species (habitat suitability [HS] > 0.5): reindeer (22 %), ptarmigan (11 %), and pink-footed goose (4 %). Overlapping suitable habitat [HS > 0.5] for reindeer and goose accounted for only 3 % of the total vegetated area (∼ 8848 km2) and was primarily found in heath and moist habitats dominated by mosses, graminoids, and herbaceous plants. The overlapping suitable habitat for reindeer and ptarmigan covered 8 % of the vegetated area, predominantly in higher elevation ridges with vegetation on drier substrates. The shared habitat for ptarmigan and goose, and all three species of herbivores, was less than 1 % of the vegetated area. Additionally, an assessment of fecal pellets suggested that the highest overlap in habitat use among reindeer and goose occurred in bird cliff moss tundra, followed by moss tundra and heath habitats. The small proportion of the vegetated area suitable for all three ...