Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas )
This investigation compared the fatty acid (FA) levels found in erythrocyte (RBC) membranes, plasma, whole blood (WB), and blubber from wild Alaskan (Bristol Bay) belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) (BBB, n = 9) with oceanaria-based belugas (OBB, n = 14) fed a controlled diet consisting of primarily h...
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans3040031 https://doaj.org/article/e0cb5adc09e542efb7a5e5ed5c6e4e40 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e0cb5adc09e542efb7a5e5ed5c6e4e40 2023-05-15T15:41:56+02:00 Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) Todd L. Schmitt Caroline E. C. Goertz Roderick C. Hobbs Steve Osborn Stacy DiRocco Heidi Bissell William S. Harris 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans3040031 https://doaj.org/article/e0cb5adc09e542efb7a5e5ed5c6e4e40 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/3/4/31 https://doaj.org/toc/2673-1924 doi:10.3390/oceans3040031 2673-1924 https://doaj.org/article/e0cb5adc09e542efb7a5e5ed5c6e4e40 Oceans, Vol 3, Iss 31, Pp 464-479 (2022) beluga Delphinapterus leucas erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids blubber poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans3040031 2022-12-30T19:30:44Z This investigation compared the fatty acid (FA) levels found in erythrocyte (RBC) membranes, plasma, whole blood (WB), and blubber from wild Alaskan (Bristol Bay) belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) (BBB, n = 9) with oceanaria-based belugas (OBB, n = 14) fed a controlled diet consisting of primarily herring ( Clupea harengus ) and capelin ( Mallotus villosus ). FA patterns in RBCs, WB, and plasma varied considerably between BBB and OBB animals. Focusing on RBC FA levels of known dietary origin, the OBBs had markedly higher levels of 20:1n9,11 and 22:1n9,11. RBC levels of these fatty acids were 1% and 0.2% in the BBBs, but 8.2% and 4.5%, respectively, in the OBBs ( p < 0.05 both). These long-chain mono-unsaturated FAs (LC-MUFAs) are rich in herring and capelin but not in the prey species (i.e., salmonids, smelt, cod, and shrimp) generally available to BBBs. As for the marine omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs; 20:5n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6n3 (docosahexaenoic acid)], the former was higher in the OBBs vs. BBBs (16% vs. 11%, p < 0.05), but the latter was low and similar in both (3.8% vs. 4%). Similar patterns were seen in the other sample types, except that DHA% was higher in BBB than OBB animals in both plasma (12.6% vs. 8.7%) and in blubber (12% vs. 4.9%) ( p < 0.05). A physiologically important omega-6 PUFA, 20:4n6 (arachidonic acid) was approximately 2× higher in BBB than OBB within RBC (22% vs. 12%), WB (16% vs. 7%), plasma (11.5% vs. 4.6%) and blubber (4.6% vs. 2.4%), respectively. While blubber FAs have been evaluated historically and relatively easy to procure with biopsy darts in the field, this study proposes that blood-based FAs collected during health assessments or subsistence hunts, especially RBC or WB FAs, may be more convenient to handle using dried blood spot cards (DBS) with limited cold storage and simplifies shipping requirements, and may more accurately reflect tissue FA status. Article in Journal/Newspaper Beluga Beluga* Delphinapterus leucas Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Oceans 3 4 464 479 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
beluga Delphinapterus leucas erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids blubber poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
beluga Delphinapterus leucas erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids blubber poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Oceanography GC1-1581 Todd L. Schmitt Caroline E. C. Goertz Roderick C. Hobbs Steve Osborn Stacy DiRocco Heidi Bissell William S. Harris Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) |
topic_facet |
beluga Delphinapterus leucas erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids blubber poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
This investigation compared the fatty acid (FA) levels found in erythrocyte (RBC) membranes, plasma, whole blood (WB), and blubber from wild Alaskan (Bristol Bay) belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) (BBB, n = 9) with oceanaria-based belugas (OBB, n = 14) fed a controlled diet consisting of primarily herring ( Clupea harengus ) and capelin ( Mallotus villosus ). FA patterns in RBCs, WB, and plasma varied considerably between BBB and OBB animals. Focusing on RBC FA levels of known dietary origin, the OBBs had markedly higher levels of 20:1n9,11 and 22:1n9,11. RBC levels of these fatty acids were 1% and 0.2% in the BBBs, but 8.2% and 4.5%, respectively, in the OBBs ( p < 0.05 both). These long-chain mono-unsaturated FAs (LC-MUFAs) are rich in herring and capelin but not in the prey species (i.e., salmonids, smelt, cod, and shrimp) generally available to BBBs. As for the marine omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs; 20:5n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6n3 (docosahexaenoic acid)], the former was higher in the OBBs vs. BBBs (16% vs. 11%, p < 0.05), but the latter was low and similar in both (3.8% vs. 4%). Similar patterns were seen in the other sample types, except that DHA% was higher in BBB than OBB animals in both plasma (12.6% vs. 8.7%) and in blubber (12% vs. 4.9%) ( p < 0.05). A physiologically important omega-6 PUFA, 20:4n6 (arachidonic acid) was approximately 2× higher in BBB than OBB within RBC (22% vs. 12%), WB (16% vs. 7%), plasma (11.5% vs. 4.6%) and blubber (4.6% vs. 2.4%), respectively. While blubber FAs have been evaluated historically and relatively easy to procure with biopsy darts in the field, this study proposes that blood-based FAs collected during health assessments or subsistence hunts, especially RBC or WB FAs, may be more convenient to handle using dried blood spot cards (DBS) with limited cold storage and simplifies shipping requirements, and may more accurately reflect tissue FA status. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Todd L. Schmitt Caroline E. C. Goertz Roderick C. Hobbs Steve Osborn Stacy DiRocco Heidi Bissell William S. Harris |
author_facet |
Todd L. Schmitt Caroline E. C. Goertz Roderick C. Hobbs Steve Osborn Stacy DiRocco Heidi Bissell William S. Harris |
author_sort |
Todd L. Schmitt |
title |
Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) |
title_short |
Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) |
title_full |
Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) |
title_fullStr |
Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Erythrocyte, Whole Blood, Plasma, and Blubber Fatty Acid Profiles in Oceanaria-Based versus Wild Alaskan Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) |
title_sort |
erythrocyte, whole blood, plasma, and blubber fatty acid profiles in oceanaria-based versus wild alaskan belugas ( delphinapterus leucas ) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans3040031 https://doaj.org/article/e0cb5adc09e542efb7a5e5ed5c6e4e40 |
genre |
Beluga Beluga* Delphinapterus leucas |
genre_facet |
Beluga Beluga* Delphinapterus leucas |
op_source |
Oceans, Vol 3, Iss 31, Pp 464-479 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/3/4/31 https://doaj.org/toc/2673-1924 doi:10.3390/oceans3040031 2673-1924 https://doaj.org/article/e0cb5adc09e542efb7a5e5ed5c6e4e40 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans3040031 |
container_title |
Oceans |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
464 |
op_container_end_page |
479 |
_version_ |
1766374818244984832 |