Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America
Daily weather types (WTs) over the Southeast United States have been analyzed using 850 hPa winds from reanalysis data from March to October of 1979–2019. Six WTs were obtained. WTs 1–3 represent mid-latitude synoptic systems propagating eastward. WT4 is a summer-type pattern predominantly occurring...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e0b9bf9d97f8469c9e6b71cd8587e38d 2023-05-15T17:36:04+02:00 Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America Jian-Hua Qian Brian Viner Stephen Noble David Werth 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081001 https://doaj.org/article/e0b9bf9d97f8469c9e6b71cd8587e38d EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/8/1001 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos12081001 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/e0b9bf9d97f8469c9e6b71cd8587e38d Atmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1001, p 1001 (2021) weather types diurnal cycle El Niño Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081001 2022-12-31T06:03:28Z Daily weather types (WTs) over the Southeast United States have been analyzed using 850 hPa winds from reanalysis data from March to October of 1979–2019. Six WTs were obtained. WTs 1–3 represent mid-latitude synoptic systems propagating eastward. WT4 is a summer-type pattern predominantly occurring in June–August, with the center of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) along the Gulf coast in the southern United States. WT5 is most frequent from August to middle October, with the NASH pushed further north and southerly winds over the northern Great Plains. An anticyclone centered at the Carolina coast characterizes WT6, which occurs in all months but is slightly more frequent in the spring and fall, especially in October, corresponding to fair weather in the region. WTs 1, 2 and 3 can persist for only a few days. WTs 4, 5 and 6 can have long spells of persistence. Besides self-persistence, the most observed progression loop is WT1 to WT2, to WT3, and then back to WT1, corresponding to eastward-propagating waves. WTs 4 and 5 are likely to show persistence, with long periods of consecutive days. WT6 usually persists but can also transfer to WT3, i.e., a change from fair weather in the Southeast U.S. to rainy weather in the Mississippi River Valley. A diurnal cycle of precipitation is apparent for each WT, especially over coastal plains. The nocturnal precipitation in central U.S. is associated with WT3. WTs 1–3 are more frequent in El Niño years, corresponding to stronger westerly wave activities and above normal rainfall in the Southeast U.S. in the spring. The positive rainfall anomaly in the Mississippi and Ohio River valley in El Niño years is also associated with more frequent WT3. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Nash ENVELOPE(-62.350,-62.350,-74.233,-74.233) Atmosphere 12 8 1001 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
weather types diurnal cycle El Niño Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
weather types diurnal cycle El Niño Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Jian-Hua Qian Brian Viner Stephen Noble David Werth Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America |
topic_facet |
weather types diurnal cycle El Niño Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
Daily weather types (WTs) over the Southeast United States have been analyzed using 850 hPa winds from reanalysis data from March to October of 1979–2019. Six WTs were obtained. WTs 1–3 represent mid-latitude synoptic systems propagating eastward. WT4 is a summer-type pattern predominantly occurring in June–August, with the center of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) along the Gulf coast in the southern United States. WT5 is most frequent from August to middle October, with the NASH pushed further north and southerly winds over the northern Great Plains. An anticyclone centered at the Carolina coast characterizes WT6, which occurs in all months but is slightly more frequent in the spring and fall, especially in October, corresponding to fair weather in the region. WTs 1, 2 and 3 can persist for only a few days. WTs 4, 5 and 6 can have long spells of persistence. Besides self-persistence, the most observed progression loop is WT1 to WT2, to WT3, and then back to WT1, corresponding to eastward-propagating waves. WTs 4 and 5 are likely to show persistence, with long periods of consecutive days. WT6 usually persists but can also transfer to WT3, i.e., a change from fair weather in the Southeast U.S. to rainy weather in the Mississippi River Valley. A diurnal cycle of precipitation is apparent for each WT, especially over coastal plains. The nocturnal precipitation in central U.S. is associated with WT3. WTs 1–3 are more frequent in El Niño years, corresponding to stronger westerly wave activities and above normal rainfall in the Southeast U.S. in the spring. The positive rainfall anomaly in the Mississippi and Ohio River valley in El Niño years is also associated with more frequent WT3. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jian-Hua Qian Brian Viner Stephen Noble David Werth |
author_facet |
Jian-Hua Qian Brian Viner Stephen Noble David Werth |
author_sort |
Jian-Hua Qian |
title |
Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America |
title_short |
Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America |
title_full |
Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America |
title_fullStr |
Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America |
title_full_unstemmed |
Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America |
title_sort |
precipitation characteristics of warm season weather types in the southeastern united states of america |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081001 https://doaj.org/article/e0b9bf9d97f8469c9e6b71cd8587e38d |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.350,-62.350,-74.233,-74.233) |
geographic |
Nash |
geographic_facet |
Nash |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1001, p 1001 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/8/1001 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos12081001 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/e0b9bf9d97f8469c9e6b71cd8587e38d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081001 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1001 |
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1766135438673707008 |