An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) contribute to various Earth observation applications. The present study investigates the potential and limitations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to estimate in situ water equivalents of the snow cover (snow water equivalent, SWE) by using buried GP...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:dfa17d10ecbf47c993a0620aab34eed4 2023-05-15T18:32:26+02:00 An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent L. Steiner M. Meindl C. Fierz A. Geiger 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3161-2018 https://doaj.org/article/dfa17d10ecbf47c993a0620aab34eed4 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/3161/2018/tc-12-3161-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-12-3161-2018 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/dfa17d10ecbf47c993a0620aab34eed4 The Cryosphere, Vol 12, Pp 3161-3175 (2018) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3161-2018 2022-12-30T22:30:43Z Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) contribute to various Earth observation applications. The present study investigates the potential and limitations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to estimate in situ water equivalents of the snow cover (snow water equivalent, SWE) by using buried GPS antennas. GPS-derived SWE is estimated over three seasons (2015/16–2017/18) at a high Alpine test site in Switzerland. Results are validated against state-of-the-art reference sensors: snow scale, snow pillow, and manual observations. SWE is estimated with a high correspondence to the reference sensors for all three seasons. Results agree with a median relative bias below 10 % and are highly correlated to the mean of the three reference sensors. The sensitivity of the SWE quantification is assessed for different GPS ambiguity resolution techniques, as the results strongly depend on the GPS processing. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles The Cryosphere 12 10 3161 3175 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 L. Steiner M. Meindl C. Fierz A. Geiger An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) contribute to various Earth observation applications. The present study investigates the potential and limitations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to estimate in situ water equivalents of the snow cover (snow water equivalent, SWE) by using buried GPS antennas. GPS-derived SWE is estimated over three seasons (2015/16–2017/18) at a high Alpine test site in Switzerland. Results are validated against state-of-the-art reference sensors: snow scale, snow pillow, and manual observations. SWE is estimated with a high correspondence to the reference sensors for all three seasons. Results agree with a median relative bias below 10 % and are highly correlated to the mean of the three reference sensors. The sensitivity of the SWE quantification is assessed for different GPS ambiguity resolution techniques, as the results strongly depend on the GPS processing. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
L. Steiner M. Meindl C. Fierz A. Geiger |
author_facet |
L. Steiner M. Meindl C. Fierz A. Geiger |
author_sort |
L. Steiner |
title |
An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent |
title_short |
An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent |
title_full |
An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent |
title_fullStr |
An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent |
title_full_unstemmed |
An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent |
title_sort |
assessment of sub-snow gps for quantification of snow water equivalent |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3161-2018 https://doaj.org/article/dfa17d10ecbf47c993a0620aab34eed4 |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 12, Pp 3161-3175 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/3161/2018/tc-12-3161-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-12-3161-2018 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/dfa17d10ecbf47c993a0620aab34eed4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3161-2018 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
3161 |
op_container_end_page |
3175 |
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1766216544527843328 |