A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration
Perchlorate anions are produced by chemical industries and are important contaminants in certain natural ecosystems. Perchlorate also occurs in some natural and uncontaminated environments such as the Atacama Desert, the high Arctic or the Antarctic Dry Valleys, and is especially abundant on the sur...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736 https://doaj.org/article/deb77e5b5255499c8c589168fc1f93e7 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:deb77e5b5255499c8c589168fc1f93e7 2023-05-15T13:44:40+02:00 A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration Ignacio Gallardo-Carreño Mercedes Moreno-Paz Jacobo Aguirre Yolanda Blanco Eduardo Alonso-Pintado Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard Catherine Maggiori Luis A. Rivas Anna Engelbrektson Lyle Whyte Víctor Parro 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736 https://doaj.org/article/deb77e5b5255499c8c589168fc1f93e7 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X 1664-302X doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736 https://doaj.org/article/deb77e5b5255499c8c589168fc1f93e7 Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 11 (2020) perchlorate perchlorate-reducing bacteria antibody microarrays biochip life detection planetary exploration Microbiology QR1-502 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736 2022-12-31T06:54:43Z Perchlorate anions are produced by chemical industries and are important contaminants in certain natural ecosystems. Perchlorate also occurs in some natural and uncontaminated environments such as the Atacama Desert, the high Arctic or the Antarctic Dry Valleys, and is especially abundant on the surface of Mars. As some bacterial strains are capable of using perchlorate as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions, their detection is relevant for environmental monitoring on Earth as well as for the search for life on Mars. We have developed an antibody microarray with 20 polyclonal antibodies to detect perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB) strains and two crucial and highly conserved enzymes involved in perchlorate respiration: perchlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase. We determined the cross-reactivity, the working concentration, and the limit of detection of each antibody individually and in a multiplex format by Fluorescent Sandwich Microarray Immunoassay. Although most of them exhibited relatively high sensitivity and specificity, we applied a deconvolution method based on graph theory to discriminate between specific signals and cross-reactions from related microorganisms. We validated the system by analyzing multiple bacterial isolates, crude extracts from contaminated reactors and salt-rich natural samples from the high Arctic. The PRB detecting chip (PRBCHIP) allowed us to detect and classify environmental isolates as well as to detect similar strains by using crude extracts obtained from 0.5 g even from soils with low organic-matter levels (<103 cells/g of soil). Our results demonstrated that PRBCHIP is a valuable tool for sensitive and reliable detection of perchlorate-reducing bacteria for research purposes, environmental monitoring and planetary exploration. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Frontiers in Microbiology 11 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
perchlorate perchlorate-reducing bacteria antibody microarrays biochip life detection planetary exploration Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
perchlorate perchlorate-reducing bacteria antibody microarrays biochip life detection planetary exploration Microbiology QR1-502 Ignacio Gallardo-Carreño Mercedes Moreno-Paz Jacobo Aguirre Yolanda Blanco Eduardo Alonso-Pintado Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard Catherine Maggiori Luis A. Rivas Anna Engelbrektson Lyle Whyte Víctor Parro A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration |
topic_facet |
perchlorate perchlorate-reducing bacteria antibody microarrays biochip life detection planetary exploration Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Perchlorate anions are produced by chemical industries and are important contaminants in certain natural ecosystems. Perchlorate also occurs in some natural and uncontaminated environments such as the Atacama Desert, the high Arctic or the Antarctic Dry Valleys, and is especially abundant on the surface of Mars. As some bacterial strains are capable of using perchlorate as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions, their detection is relevant for environmental monitoring on Earth as well as for the search for life on Mars. We have developed an antibody microarray with 20 polyclonal antibodies to detect perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB) strains and two crucial and highly conserved enzymes involved in perchlorate respiration: perchlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase. We determined the cross-reactivity, the working concentration, and the limit of detection of each antibody individually and in a multiplex format by Fluorescent Sandwich Microarray Immunoassay. Although most of them exhibited relatively high sensitivity and specificity, we applied a deconvolution method based on graph theory to discriminate between specific signals and cross-reactions from related microorganisms. We validated the system by analyzing multiple bacterial isolates, crude extracts from contaminated reactors and salt-rich natural samples from the high Arctic. The PRB detecting chip (PRBCHIP) allowed us to detect and classify environmental isolates as well as to detect similar strains by using crude extracts obtained from 0.5 g even from soils with low organic-matter levels (<103 cells/g of soil). Our results demonstrated that PRBCHIP is a valuable tool for sensitive and reliable detection of perchlorate-reducing bacteria for research purposes, environmental monitoring and planetary exploration. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ignacio Gallardo-Carreño Mercedes Moreno-Paz Jacobo Aguirre Yolanda Blanco Eduardo Alonso-Pintado Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard Catherine Maggiori Luis A. Rivas Anna Engelbrektson Lyle Whyte Víctor Parro |
author_facet |
Ignacio Gallardo-Carreño Mercedes Moreno-Paz Jacobo Aguirre Yolanda Blanco Eduardo Alonso-Pintado Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard Catherine Maggiori Luis A. Rivas Anna Engelbrektson Lyle Whyte Víctor Parro |
author_sort |
Ignacio Gallardo-Carreño |
title |
A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration |
title_short |
A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration |
title_full |
A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration |
title_fullStr |
A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Multiplex Immunosensor for Detecting Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria for Environmental Monitoring and Planetary Exploration |
title_sort |
multiplex immunosensor for detecting perchlorate-reducing bacteria for environmental monitoring and planetary exploration |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736 https://doaj.org/article/deb77e5b5255499c8c589168fc1f93e7 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
op_source |
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 11 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X 1664-302X doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736 https://doaj.org/article/deb77e5b5255499c8c589168fc1f93e7 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590736 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
11 |
_version_ |
1766204666895400960 |