Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a life-threatening infection caused by the opportunistic fungi Pneumocystis jirovecii. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the focus of attention of health policymakers on these two infections due to their clinical and paraclinical similarities, w...
Published in: | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:dea029c53e8e447a90fa27eb786c1573 2023-05-15T15:18:16+02:00 Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis Hossein Khodadadi Ehsan Ahmadpour Sanam Nami Rasoul Mohammadi Hanieh Hosseini Mahsa Behravan Hamid Morovati 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.359784 https://doaj.org/article/dea029c53e8e447a90fa27eb786c1573 EN eng Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2022;volume=15;issue=10;spage=431;epage=441;aulast=Khodadadi https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4146 2352-4146 doi:10.4103/1995-7645.359784 https://doaj.org/article/dea029c53e8e447a90fa27eb786c1573 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 15, Iss 10, Pp 431-441 (2022) coronavirus disease 19 covid-19 sars-cov-2 pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) covid-associated infections prevalence odds ratio risk factors Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.359784 2022-12-30T19:38:07Z Objective: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a life-threatening infection caused by the opportunistic fungi Pneumocystis jirovecii. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the focus of attention of health policymakers on these two infections due to their clinical and paraclinical similarities, which cause diagnostic dilemmas. This study was undertaken to evaluate and estimate the global prevalence and main leading risk factors of coronavirus-associated pneumocystosis (CAP). Methods: We searched related databases between December 2019 and May 2022 for studies reporting CAP. Meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software (version 2.7.9) according to the DerSimonian and Laird method applying the random-effects model. We evaluated heterogeneity using the χ2-based Q statistic (significant for P<0.05) and the I2 statistic (>75% indicative of “notable” heterogeneity). Moreover, an odds ratio (OR) analysis was performed for eligible data. Results: Our meta-analysis included eight studies with 923 patients hospitalized with COVID-19; among them, 92 were PcP cases. The overall pooled prevalence of CAP was estimated at 11.5%. The mortality among CAP patients was lower than that of non-PcP patients (OR 1.93; 95% CI 0.86-4.31). Long-term corticosteroid therapy (OR 28.22; 95% CI 0.54-1 480.84) was the most predisposing factor for PcP among COVID-19 patients, followed by pulmonary diseases (OR 1.46; 95% CI 0.43-4.98), kidney diseases (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.21-7.49), and acute respiratory destruction syndrome (OR1.22; 95% CI 0.05-29.28). Conclusions: The prevalence of PcP among the COVID-19 population is almost similar to the pre-COVID era. However, PcP-related mortality was decreased by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Women with COVID-19 are more susceptible to PcP than men. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney diseases, pulmonary diseases, and long-term corticosteroid therapy increased the risk of PcP; however, transplantation and malignancy decreased the risk for PcP among COVID-19 patients. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Laird ENVELOPE(162.450,162.450,-81.683,-81.683) Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 15 10 431 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
coronavirus disease 19 covid-19 sars-cov-2 pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) covid-associated infections prevalence odds ratio risk factors Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
spellingShingle |
coronavirus disease 19 covid-19 sars-cov-2 pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) covid-associated infections prevalence odds ratio risk factors Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Hossein Khodadadi Ehsan Ahmadpour Sanam Nami Rasoul Mohammadi Hanieh Hosseini Mahsa Behravan Hamid Morovati Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic_facet |
coronavirus disease 19 covid-19 sars-cov-2 pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) covid-associated infections prevalence odds ratio risk factors Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
description |
Objective: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a life-threatening infection caused by the opportunistic fungi Pneumocystis jirovecii. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the focus of attention of health policymakers on these two infections due to their clinical and paraclinical similarities, which cause diagnostic dilemmas. This study was undertaken to evaluate and estimate the global prevalence and main leading risk factors of coronavirus-associated pneumocystosis (CAP). Methods: We searched related databases between December 2019 and May 2022 for studies reporting CAP. Meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software (version 2.7.9) according to the DerSimonian and Laird method applying the random-effects model. We evaluated heterogeneity using the χ2-based Q statistic (significant for P<0.05) and the I2 statistic (>75% indicative of “notable” heterogeneity). Moreover, an odds ratio (OR) analysis was performed for eligible data. Results: Our meta-analysis included eight studies with 923 patients hospitalized with COVID-19; among them, 92 were PcP cases. The overall pooled prevalence of CAP was estimated at 11.5%. The mortality among CAP patients was lower than that of non-PcP patients (OR 1.93; 95% CI 0.86-4.31). Long-term corticosteroid therapy (OR 28.22; 95% CI 0.54-1 480.84) was the most predisposing factor for PcP among COVID-19 patients, followed by pulmonary diseases (OR 1.46; 95% CI 0.43-4.98), kidney diseases (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.21-7.49), and acute respiratory destruction syndrome (OR1.22; 95% CI 0.05-29.28). Conclusions: The prevalence of PcP among the COVID-19 population is almost similar to the pre-COVID era. However, PcP-related mortality was decreased by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Women with COVID-19 are more susceptible to PcP than men. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney diseases, pulmonary diseases, and long-term corticosteroid therapy increased the risk of PcP; however, transplantation and malignancy decreased the risk for PcP among COVID-19 patients. ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hossein Khodadadi Ehsan Ahmadpour Sanam Nami Rasoul Mohammadi Hanieh Hosseini Mahsa Behravan Hamid Morovati |
author_facet |
Hossein Khodadadi Ehsan Ahmadpour Sanam Nami Rasoul Mohammadi Hanieh Hosseini Mahsa Behravan Hamid Morovati |
author_sort |
Hossein Khodadadi |
title |
Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short |
Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full |
Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr |
Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort |
global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for covid-19 associated pneumocystosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.359784 https://doaj.org/article/dea029c53e8e447a90fa27eb786c1573 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(162.450,162.450,-81.683,-81.683) |
geographic |
Arctic Laird |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Laird |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 15, Iss 10, Pp 431-441 (2022) |
op_relation |
http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2022;volume=15;issue=10;spage=431;epage=441;aulast=Khodadadi https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4146 2352-4146 doi:10.4103/1995-7645.359784 https://doaj.org/article/dea029c53e8e447a90fa27eb786c1573 |
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https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.359784 |
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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine |
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431 |
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