Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling
The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes such as gas exchange, osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base balance and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Due to its extensive interface with the environment, the gill plays a key role as a primary mucosal d...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:de8ff0f6e524471ca3cf479af67c6597 2023-05-15T15:31:15+02:00 Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling Elżbieta Król Patricia Noguera Sophie Shaw Eoin Costelloe Karina Gajardo Victoria Valdenegro Ralph Bickerdike Alex Douglas Samuel A. M. Martin 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00610 https://doaj.org/article/de8ff0f6e524471ca3cf479af67c6597 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.00610/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 1664-8021 doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00610 https://doaj.org/article/de8ff0f6e524471ca3cf479af67c6597 Frontiers in Genetics, Vol 11 (2020) proliferative gill disease gene expression RNA-seq immune response gill inflammation aquaculture Genetics QH426-470 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00610 2022-12-31T04:24:40Z The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes such as gas exchange, osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base balance and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Due to its extensive interface with the environment, the gill plays a key role as a primary mucosal defense tissue against pathogens, as manifested by the presence of the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). In recent years, the prevalence of multifactorial gill pathologies has increased significantly, causing substantial losses in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. The transition from healthy to unhealthy gill phenotypes and the progression of multifactorial gill pathologies, such as proliferative gill disease (PGD), proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) and complex gill disorder (CGD), are commonly characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and inflammation. Routine monitoring for PGD relies on visual inspection and non-invasive scoring of the gill tissue (gross morphology), coupled with histopathological examination of gill sections. To explore the underlying molecular events that are associated with the progression of PGD, we sampled Atlantic salmon from three different marine production sites in Scotland and examined the gill tissue at three different levels of organization: gross morphology with the use of PGD scores (macroscopic examination), whole transcriptome (gene expression by RNA-seq) and histopathology (microscopic examination). Our results strongly suggested that the changes in PGD scores of the gill tissue were not associated with the changes in gene expression or histopathology. In contrast, integration of the gill RNA-seq data with the gill histopathology enabled us to identify common gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease, independently from the origin of samples. We demonstrated that the gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease were dominated by two processes: a range of immune responses driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Genetics 11 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
proliferative gill disease gene expression RNA-seq immune response gill inflammation aquaculture Genetics QH426-470 |
spellingShingle |
proliferative gill disease gene expression RNA-seq immune response gill inflammation aquaculture Genetics QH426-470 Elżbieta Król Patricia Noguera Sophie Shaw Eoin Costelloe Karina Gajardo Victoria Valdenegro Ralph Bickerdike Alex Douglas Samuel A. M. Martin Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling |
topic_facet |
proliferative gill disease gene expression RNA-seq immune response gill inflammation aquaculture Genetics QH426-470 |
description |
The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes such as gas exchange, osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base balance and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Due to its extensive interface with the environment, the gill plays a key role as a primary mucosal defense tissue against pathogens, as manifested by the presence of the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). In recent years, the prevalence of multifactorial gill pathologies has increased significantly, causing substantial losses in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. The transition from healthy to unhealthy gill phenotypes and the progression of multifactorial gill pathologies, such as proliferative gill disease (PGD), proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) and complex gill disorder (CGD), are commonly characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and inflammation. Routine monitoring for PGD relies on visual inspection and non-invasive scoring of the gill tissue (gross morphology), coupled with histopathological examination of gill sections. To explore the underlying molecular events that are associated with the progression of PGD, we sampled Atlantic salmon from three different marine production sites in Scotland and examined the gill tissue at three different levels of organization: gross morphology with the use of PGD scores (macroscopic examination), whole transcriptome (gene expression by RNA-seq) and histopathology (microscopic examination). Our results strongly suggested that the changes in PGD scores of the gill tissue were not associated with the changes in gene expression or histopathology. In contrast, integration of the gill RNA-seq data with the gill histopathology enabled us to identify common gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease, independently from the origin of samples. We demonstrated that the gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease were dominated by two processes: a range of immune responses driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elżbieta Król Patricia Noguera Sophie Shaw Eoin Costelloe Karina Gajardo Victoria Valdenegro Ralph Bickerdike Alex Douglas Samuel A. M. Martin |
author_facet |
Elżbieta Król Patricia Noguera Sophie Shaw Eoin Costelloe Karina Gajardo Victoria Valdenegro Ralph Bickerdike Alex Douglas Samuel A. M. Martin |
author_sort |
Elżbieta Król |
title |
Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling |
title_short |
Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling |
title_full |
Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling |
title_fullStr |
Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling |
title_sort |
integration of transcriptome, gross morphology and histopathology in the gill of sea farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar): lessons from multi-site sampling |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00610 https://doaj.org/article/de8ff0f6e524471ca3cf479af67c6597 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Frontiers in Genetics, Vol 11 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.00610/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 1664-8021 doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00610 https://doaj.org/article/de8ff0f6e524471ca3cf479af67c6597 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00610 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Genetics |
container_volume |
11 |
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1766361748396310528 |