Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo.
Background There is a pressing need for drug discovery against visceral leishmaniasis, a life-threatening protozoal infection, as the available chemotherapy is antiquated and not bereft of side effects. Plants as alternate drug resources has rewarded mankind in the past and aimed in this direction,...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:de36fa5c67ce4073aecf8a2e764e6b4d 2023-11-12T04:13:52+01:00 Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. Farhat Afrin Garima Chouhan Mohammad Islamuddin Muzamil Y Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 https://doaj.org/article/de36fa5c67ce4073aecf8a2e764e6b4d EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 https://doaj.org/article/de36fa5c67ce4073aecf8a2e764e6b4d PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 5, p e0007227 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 2023-10-15T00:37:08Z Background There is a pressing need for drug discovery against visceral leishmaniasis, a life-threatening protozoal infection, as the available chemotherapy is antiquated and not bereft of side effects. Plants as alternate drug resources has rewarded mankind in the past and aimed in this direction, we investigated the antileishmanial potential of Cinnamomum cassia. Methodology Dichloromethane, ethanolic and aqueous fractions of C. cassia bark, prepared by sequential extraction, were appraised for their anti-promastigote activity along with apoptosis-inducing potential. The most potent, C. cassia dichloromethane fraction (CBD) was evaluated for anti-amastigote efficacy in infected macrophages and nitric oxide (NO) production studied. The in vivo antileishmanial efficacy was assessed in L. donovani infected BALB/c mice and hamsters and various correlates of host protective immunity ascertained. Toxicity profile of CBD was investigated in vitro against peritoneal macrophages and in vivo via alterations in liver and kidney functions. The plant secondary metabolites present in CBD were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Principal findings CBD displayed significant anti-promastigote activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 33.6 μg ml-1 that was mediated via apoptosis. This was evidenced by mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased proportion of cells in sub-G0-G1 phase, ROS production, PS externalization and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay). CBD also inhibited intracellular amastigote proliferation (IC50 14.06 μg ml-1) independent of NO production. The in vivo protection achieved was 80.91% (liver) and 82.92% (spleen) in mice and 75.61% (liver) and 78.93% (spleen) in hamsters indicating its profound therapeutic efficacy. CBD exhibited direct antileishmanial activity, as it did not specifically induce a T helper type (Th)-1-polarized mileu in cured hosts. This was evidenced by insignificant modulation of NO production, lymphoproliferation, DTH (delayed type hypersensitivity), ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 5 e0007227 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Farhat Afrin Garima Chouhan Mohammad Islamuddin Muzamil Y Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background There is a pressing need for drug discovery against visceral leishmaniasis, a life-threatening protozoal infection, as the available chemotherapy is antiquated and not bereft of side effects. Plants as alternate drug resources has rewarded mankind in the past and aimed in this direction, we investigated the antileishmanial potential of Cinnamomum cassia. Methodology Dichloromethane, ethanolic and aqueous fractions of C. cassia bark, prepared by sequential extraction, were appraised for their anti-promastigote activity along with apoptosis-inducing potential. The most potent, C. cassia dichloromethane fraction (CBD) was evaluated for anti-amastigote efficacy in infected macrophages and nitric oxide (NO) production studied. The in vivo antileishmanial efficacy was assessed in L. donovani infected BALB/c mice and hamsters and various correlates of host protective immunity ascertained. Toxicity profile of CBD was investigated in vitro against peritoneal macrophages and in vivo via alterations in liver and kidney functions. The plant secondary metabolites present in CBD were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Principal findings CBD displayed significant anti-promastigote activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 33.6 μg ml-1 that was mediated via apoptosis. This was evidenced by mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased proportion of cells in sub-G0-G1 phase, ROS production, PS externalization and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay). CBD also inhibited intracellular amastigote proliferation (IC50 14.06 μg ml-1) independent of NO production. The in vivo protection achieved was 80.91% (liver) and 82.92% (spleen) in mice and 75.61% (liver) and 78.93% (spleen) in hamsters indicating its profound therapeutic efficacy. CBD exhibited direct antileishmanial activity, as it did not specifically induce a T helper type (Th)-1-polarized mileu in cured hosts. This was evidenced by insignificant modulation of NO production, lymphoproliferation, DTH (delayed type hypersensitivity), ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Farhat Afrin Garima Chouhan Mohammad Islamuddin Muzamil Y Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg |
author_facet |
Farhat Afrin Garima Chouhan Mohammad Islamuddin Muzamil Y Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg |
author_sort |
Farhat Afrin |
title |
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. |
title_short |
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. |
title_full |
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. |
title_fullStr |
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. |
title_sort |
cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 https://doaj.org/article/de36fa5c67ce4073aecf8a2e764e6b4d |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 5, p e0007227 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 https://doaj.org/article/de36fa5c67ce4073aecf8a2e764e6b4d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007227 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e0007227 |
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1782331662836695040 |