Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site
Ocean physical and biogeochemical conditions are rapidly changing over time. Forty years of observations from 1983 to 2023 collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site near Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean shows continuing trends of surface warming, increase in salinity, loss o...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931 https://doaj.org/article/ddfccab0d1e9458ca697c16f5266dce2 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ddfccab0d1e9458ca697c16f5266dce2 2024-01-07T09:45:05+01:00 Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site Nicholas R. Bates Rodney J. Johnson 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931 https://doaj.org/article/ddfccab0d1e9458ca697c16f5266dce2 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931 https://doaj.org/article/ddfccab0d1e9458ca697c16f5266dce2 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 10 (2023) seawater alkalinity ocean carbon cycle ocean carbon dioxide ocean temperature ocean salinity North Atlantic Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931 2023-12-10T01:37:44Z Ocean physical and biogeochemical conditions are rapidly changing over time. Forty years of observations from 1983 to 2023 collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site near Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean shows continuing trends of surface warming, increase in salinity, loss of dissolved oxygen (DO), increase in carbon dioxide (CO2), and ocean acidification (OA) effects. Over this period, the ocean has warmed by about +1°C, increased in salinity by +0.136, and lost DO by 12.5 µmol kg−1 or ~6%. Since the 1980s, ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), a tracer of anthropogenic CO2 (CTrOCA), and fugacities/partial pressures of CO2 (i.e., fCO2 and pCO2) have continued to increase substantially, with no evidence of a reduction in the rates of change over time. Contemporaneously, ocean pH has decreased by ~0.1 pH units [with ocean acidity (i.e., H+) increasing by >30%], and the saturation states of calcium carbonate minerals (Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite) have decreased. These OA indicators show that the chemical conditions for calcification have become less favorable over the past 40 years. Updating of data and trends at the BATS site show how ocean chemistry of the 2020s is now outside the range observed in the 1980s, and how essential these data are for predicting the response of ocean chemistry and marine ecosystems to future shifting earth and ocean conditions. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Marine Science 10 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
seawater alkalinity ocean carbon cycle ocean carbon dioxide ocean temperature ocean salinity North Atlantic Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
seawater alkalinity ocean carbon cycle ocean carbon dioxide ocean temperature ocean salinity North Atlantic Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Nicholas R. Bates Rodney J. Johnson Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site |
topic_facet |
seawater alkalinity ocean carbon cycle ocean carbon dioxide ocean temperature ocean salinity North Atlantic Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Ocean physical and biogeochemical conditions are rapidly changing over time. Forty years of observations from 1983 to 2023 collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site near Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean shows continuing trends of surface warming, increase in salinity, loss of dissolved oxygen (DO), increase in carbon dioxide (CO2), and ocean acidification (OA) effects. Over this period, the ocean has warmed by about +1°C, increased in salinity by +0.136, and lost DO by 12.5 µmol kg−1 or ~6%. Since the 1980s, ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), a tracer of anthropogenic CO2 (CTrOCA), and fugacities/partial pressures of CO2 (i.e., fCO2 and pCO2) have continued to increase substantially, with no evidence of a reduction in the rates of change over time. Contemporaneously, ocean pH has decreased by ~0.1 pH units [with ocean acidity (i.e., H+) increasing by >30%], and the saturation states of calcium carbonate minerals (Ωcalcite and Ωaragonite) have decreased. These OA indicators show that the chemical conditions for calcification have become less favorable over the past 40 years. Updating of data and trends at the BATS site show how ocean chemistry of the 2020s is now outside the range observed in the 1980s, and how essential these data are for predicting the response of ocean chemistry and marine ecosystems to future shifting earth and ocean conditions. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nicholas R. Bates Rodney J. Johnson |
author_facet |
Nicholas R. Bates Rodney J. Johnson |
author_sort |
Nicholas R. Bates |
title |
Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site |
title_short |
Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site |
title_full |
Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site |
title_fullStr |
Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site |
title_full_unstemmed |
Forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site |
title_sort |
forty years of ocean acidification observations (1983–2023) in the sargasso sea at the bermuda atlantic time-series study site |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931 https://doaj.org/article/ddfccab0d1e9458ca697c16f5266dce2 |
genre |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 10 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931 https://doaj.org/article/ddfccab0d1e9458ca697c16f5266dce2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1289931 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
10 |
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1787426536413986816 |