Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study.
Background Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in Palestine and transmitted by Phlebotomus sand flies. They inhabit dens of hyraxes, the reservoir animal. Control measures were implemented since 1996 but cases still occur. We estimated the effect of insecticide thermal fogging inside h...
Published in: | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 https://doaj.org/article/dde1c9c914e747a1b7e529a90b1c20f0 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:dde1c9c914e747a1b7e529a90b1c20f0 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:dde1c9c914e747a1b7e529a90b1c20f0 2023-05-15T15:17:17+02:00 Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study. Samer Sawalha Amer Al-Jawabreh Dea Hjaija Suheir Ereqat Abdelmajeed Nasereddin Hanan Al-Jawabreh Iro Evlampidou 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 https://doaj.org/article/dde1c9c914e747a1b7e529a90b1c20f0 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 https://doaj.org/article/dde1c9c914e747a1b7e529a90b1c20f0 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0010628 (2022) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 2022-12-30T21:56:25Z Background Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in Palestine and transmitted by Phlebotomus sand flies. They inhabit dens of hyraxes, the reservoir animal. Control measures were implemented since 1996 but cases still occur. We estimated the effect of insecticide thermal fogging inside hyrax dens on sand fly density and leishmania infection. Methodology/principal findings During July-September 2019, we conducted a 12-week controlled interrupted time series study in two control and one intervention sites containing three hyrax dens each. We implemented Permethrin thermal fogging in the intervention site at week 6. We measured weekly and 36hrs post-intervention sand fly abundance inside dens using CDC light traps. We performed Next-Generation Sequencing to identify sand fly Leishmania spp. infection. We calculated the abundance reduction (AR) using Mulla's formula and negative binomial regression. Among 11427 collected sand flies, 7339 (64%) were females and 1786 (16%) were Phlebotomus spp. comprising ten species; P. sergenti was the dominant (n = 773, 43%). We report P. arabicus (n = 6) for the first time in Palestine. After fogging, Phlebotomus spp. AR was 93% at 36hrs, 18% and 38% at two and five weeks respectively and 41% during the complete post-intervention period. In the regression models, Phlebotomus spp. density in the intervention site decreased by 74% (IRR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.11-0.57) at two weeks, 34% (IRR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.48-0.90) at five weeks and 74% (IRR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.12-0.59) during the complete period. The density of Leishmania infected sand flies decreased by 65% (IRR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.26-0.48) at five weeks and 82% (IRR: 0.18, 95%CI: 0.07-0.42) for the complete period (zero infections until week two). Leishmania infection prevalence in the intervention site was 14% pre-intervention and 3.9% post-intervention. Conclusions/significance Fogging hyrax dens reduced sand fly abundance and leishmania infection during the 5-week post-intervention period and especially the first two weeks ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16 9 e0010628 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Samer Sawalha Amer Al-Jawabreh Dea Hjaija Suheir Ereqat Abdelmajeed Nasereddin Hanan Al-Jawabreh Iro Evlampidou Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in Palestine and transmitted by Phlebotomus sand flies. They inhabit dens of hyraxes, the reservoir animal. Control measures were implemented since 1996 but cases still occur. We estimated the effect of insecticide thermal fogging inside hyrax dens on sand fly density and leishmania infection. Methodology/principal findings During July-September 2019, we conducted a 12-week controlled interrupted time series study in two control and one intervention sites containing three hyrax dens each. We implemented Permethrin thermal fogging in the intervention site at week 6. We measured weekly and 36hrs post-intervention sand fly abundance inside dens using CDC light traps. We performed Next-Generation Sequencing to identify sand fly Leishmania spp. infection. We calculated the abundance reduction (AR) using Mulla's formula and negative binomial regression. Among 11427 collected sand flies, 7339 (64%) were females and 1786 (16%) were Phlebotomus spp. comprising ten species; P. sergenti was the dominant (n = 773, 43%). We report P. arabicus (n = 6) for the first time in Palestine. After fogging, Phlebotomus spp. AR was 93% at 36hrs, 18% and 38% at two and five weeks respectively and 41% during the complete post-intervention period. In the regression models, Phlebotomus spp. density in the intervention site decreased by 74% (IRR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.11-0.57) at two weeks, 34% (IRR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.48-0.90) at five weeks and 74% (IRR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.12-0.59) during the complete period. The density of Leishmania infected sand flies decreased by 65% (IRR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.26-0.48) at five weeks and 82% (IRR: 0.18, 95%CI: 0.07-0.42) for the complete period (zero infections until week two). Leishmania infection prevalence in the intervention site was 14% pre-intervention and 3.9% post-intervention. Conclusions/significance Fogging hyrax dens reduced sand fly abundance and leishmania infection during the 5-week post-intervention period and especially the first two weeks ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Samer Sawalha Amer Al-Jawabreh Dea Hjaija Suheir Ereqat Abdelmajeed Nasereddin Hanan Al-Jawabreh Iro Evlampidou |
author_facet |
Samer Sawalha Amer Al-Jawabreh Dea Hjaija Suheir Ereqat Abdelmajeed Nasereddin Hanan Al-Jawabreh Iro Evlampidou |
author_sort |
Samer Sawalha |
title |
Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study. |
title_short |
Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study. |
title_full |
Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study. |
title_fullStr |
Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural Palestine: A prospective study. |
title_sort |
effectiveness of insecticide thermal fogging in hyrax dens in the control of leishmaniasis vectors in rural palestine: a prospective study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 https://doaj.org/article/dde1c9c914e747a1b7e529a90b1c20f0 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0010628 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 https://doaj.org/article/dde1c9c914e747a1b7e529a90b1c20f0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010628 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
e0010628 |
_version_ |
1766347534498791424 |