North Pacific and Arctic marine traffic dataset (2015–2020)

• Published in: Data in Brief
• Main Authors: Kelly Kapsar, Benjamin Sullender, Jianguo Liu, Aaron Poe
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2022
• Subjects: Arctic; Shipping; Vessel traffic; Automatic Identification System; Satellite AIS; Pacific; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics; R858-859.7; Science (General); Q1-390; Pacific Arctic; Sea ice; Aleutian Islands
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108531; https://doaj.org/article/dc6a7f10aa4b4bab871cb0150b36942d

In this paper, we present a spatially explicit dataset of monthly shipping intensity in the Pacific Arctic region from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. We calculated shipping intensity based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, a type of GPS transmitter required by the International Maritime Organization on all ships over 300 gross tonnes on an international voyage, all cargo ships over 500 gross tonnes, and all passenger ships. We used AIS data received by the exactEarth satellite constellation (64 satellites as of 2020), ensuring spatial coverage regardless of national jurisdiction or remoteness. Our analytical approach converted raw AIS input into monthly raster and vector datasets, separated by vessel type. We first filtered raw AIS messages to remove spurious records and GPS errors, then joined remaining vessel positional records with static messages including descriptive attributes. We further categorized these messages into one of four general ship types (cargo; tanker; fishing; and other). For the vector dataset, we spatially intersected AIS messages with a hexagon (hex) grid and calculated the number of unique ships, the number of unique ships per day (summed over each month), and the average and standard deviation of the speed over ground. We calculated these values for each month for all vessels as well as vessels subdivided by ship type and for messages from vessels > 65 feet long and traveling > 10 knots. For the raster dataset, we created a series of spatially explicit daily vessel tracks according to unique voyages and aggregated tracks by ship type and month. We then created a raster grid and calculated the total length, in meters, of all vessel tracks within each raster cell. These monthly datasets provide a critical snapshot of dynamic commercial and natural systems in the Pacific Arctic region. Recent declines in sea ice have lengthened the duration of the shipping season and have expanded the spatial coverage of large vessel routes, from the Aleutian Islands through the ...