Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies
Abstract Background Maintenance of scorpions under laboratory conditions is ideal for long-term venom collection to explore the therapeutic applications of scorpion venom. Collection of venom by electrical stimulation requires a reliable stimulator and effective restrainer. Thus, the present study w...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:db81a227969c48b5a8f727e43b0fffc6 2023-05-15T15:08:04+02:00 Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies Santhosh Kambaiah Nagaraj Pavana Dattatreya Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4 https://doaj.org/article/db81a227969c48b5a8f727e43b0fffc6 EN eng SciELO http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992015000100354&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 1678-9199 doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4 https://doaj.org/article/db81a227969c48b5a8f727e43b0fffc6 Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 21, Iss 0 (2015) Scorpion venom Restrainer Hottentotta Heterometrus Venom extraction LD50 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4 2022-12-31T15:52:32Z Abstract Background Maintenance of scorpions under laboratory conditions is ideal for long-term venom collection to explore the therapeutic applications of scorpion venom. Collection of venom by electrical stimulation requires a reliable stimulator and effective restrainer. Thus, the present study was conducted to develop a convenient method to maintain scorpions and to extract their venom for toxicity studies via a modified restrainer and stimulator. Methods Four different scorpion species were collected, among which three species were maintained in the laboratory in containers that mimic their natural habitat. Venom was extracted from Hottentotta rugiscutis by electrical stimulation at 8 V for 18 months and LD50 was estimated by the graphic method of Miller and Tainter. Results A total of 373 scorpions including Hottentotta rugiscutis, Hottentotta tamulus, Lychas tricarinatus and Heterometrus swammerdami were collected, identified and maintained successfully, achieving a 97 % survival rate. Hottentotta rugiscutis yielded 6.0 mL of venom by electrical stimulation. The LD50 of H. rugiscutis venom was estimated to be 3.02 mg/kg of body weight in female Swiss albino mice. Conclusions Scorpions were successfully maintained for 18 months. Herein we have also documented a simple, cost-effective method of venom extraction by electrical stimulation using a modified restrainer. Furthermore, Hottentotta rugiscutis was reported for the first time in Karnataka. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Indian Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 21 1 |
institution |
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collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Scorpion venom Restrainer Hottentotta Heterometrus Venom extraction LD50 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Scorpion venom Restrainer Hottentotta Heterometrus Venom extraction LD50 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 Santhosh Kambaiah Nagaraj Pavana Dattatreya Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |
topic_facet |
Scorpion venom Restrainer Hottentotta Heterometrus Venom extraction LD50 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Abstract Background Maintenance of scorpions under laboratory conditions is ideal for long-term venom collection to explore the therapeutic applications of scorpion venom. Collection of venom by electrical stimulation requires a reliable stimulator and effective restrainer. Thus, the present study was conducted to develop a convenient method to maintain scorpions and to extract their venom for toxicity studies via a modified restrainer and stimulator. Methods Four different scorpion species were collected, among which three species were maintained in the laboratory in containers that mimic their natural habitat. Venom was extracted from Hottentotta rugiscutis by electrical stimulation at 8 V for 18 months and LD50 was estimated by the graphic method of Miller and Tainter. Results A total of 373 scorpions including Hottentotta rugiscutis, Hottentotta tamulus, Lychas tricarinatus and Heterometrus swammerdami were collected, identified and maintained successfully, achieving a 97 % survival rate. Hottentotta rugiscutis yielded 6.0 mL of venom by electrical stimulation. The LD50 of H. rugiscutis venom was estimated to be 3.02 mg/kg of body weight in female Swiss albino mice. Conclusions Scorpions were successfully maintained for 18 months. Herein we have also documented a simple, cost-effective method of venom extraction by electrical stimulation using a modified restrainer. Furthermore, Hottentotta rugiscutis was reported for the first time in Karnataka. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Santhosh Kambaiah Nagaraj Pavana Dattatreya Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi |
author_facet |
Santhosh Kambaiah Nagaraj Pavana Dattatreya Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi |
author_sort |
Santhosh Kambaiah Nagaraj |
title |
Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |
title_short |
Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |
title_full |
Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |
title_fullStr |
Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |
title_sort |
indian scorpions collected in karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |
publisher |
SciELO |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4 https://doaj.org/article/db81a227969c48b5a8f727e43b0fffc6 |
geographic |
Arctic Indian |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Indian |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 21, Iss 0 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992015000100354&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 1678-9199 doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4 https://doaj.org/article/db81a227969c48b5a8f727e43b0fffc6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4 |
container_title |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766339502968668160 |