Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016
Short-lived climate forcers have been proven important both for the climate and human health. In particular, black carbon (BC) is an important climate forcer both as an aerosol and when deposited on snow and ice surface because of its strong light absorption. This paper presents measurements of elem...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:daefd66b8e3940158bba8df8fa284358 2023-05-15T15:02:06+02:00 Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 N. Evangeliou V. P. Shevchenko K. E. Yttri S. Eckhardt E. Sollum O. S. Pokrovsky V. O. Kobelev V. B. Korobov A. A. Lobanov D. P. Starodymova S. N. Vorobiev R. L. Thompson A. Stohl 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-963-2018 https://doaj.org/article/daefd66b8e3940158bba8df8fa284358 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/963/2018/acp-18-963-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-18-963-2018 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/daefd66b8e3940158bba8df8fa284358 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 18, Pp 963-977 (2018) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-963-2018 2022-12-31T00:48:51Z Short-lived climate forcers have been proven important both for the climate and human health. In particular, black carbon (BC) is an important climate forcer both as an aerosol and when deposited on snow and ice surface because of its strong light absorption. This paper presents measurements of elemental carbon (EC; a measurement-based definition of BC) in snow collected from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during 2014, 2015 and 2016. The Russian Arctic is of great interest to the scientific community due to the large uncertainty of emission sources there. We have determined the major contributing sources of BC in snow in western Siberia and northwestern European Russia using a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model. For the first time, we use a recently developed feature that calculates deposition in backward (so-called retroplume) simulations allowing estimation of the specific locations of sources that contribute to the deposited mass. EC concentrations in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia were highly variable depending on the sampling location. Modelled BC and measured EC were moderately correlated ( R = 0.53–0.83) and a systematic region-specific model underestimation was found. The model underestimated observations by 42 % (RMSE = 49 ng g −1 ) in 2014, 48 % (RMSE = 37 ng g −1 ) in 2015 and 27 % (RMSE = 43 ng g −1 ) in 2016. For EC sampled in northwestern European Russia the underestimation by the model was smaller (fractional bias, FB > −100 %). In this region, the major sources were transportation activities and domestic combustion in Finland. When sampling shifted to western Siberia, the model underestimation was more significant (FB < −100 %). There, the sources included emissions from gas flaring as a major contributor to snow BC. The accuracy of the model calculations was also evaluated using two independent datasets of BC measurements in snow covering the entire Arctic. The model underestimated BC concentrations in snow especially for samples collected ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic black carbon Human health Siberia Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18 2 963 977 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 N. Evangeliou V. P. Shevchenko K. E. Yttri S. Eckhardt E. Sollum O. S. Pokrovsky V. O. Kobelev V. B. Korobov A. A. Lobanov D. P. Starodymova S. N. Vorobiev R. L. Thompson A. Stohl Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Short-lived climate forcers have been proven important both for the climate and human health. In particular, black carbon (BC) is an important climate forcer both as an aerosol and when deposited on snow and ice surface because of its strong light absorption. This paper presents measurements of elemental carbon (EC; a measurement-based definition of BC) in snow collected from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during 2014, 2015 and 2016. The Russian Arctic is of great interest to the scientific community due to the large uncertainty of emission sources there. We have determined the major contributing sources of BC in snow in western Siberia and northwestern European Russia using a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model. For the first time, we use a recently developed feature that calculates deposition in backward (so-called retroplume) simulations allowing estimation of the specific locations of sources that contribute to the deposited mass. EC concentrations in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia were highly variable depending on the sampling location. Modelled BC and measured EC were moderately correlated ( R = 0.53–0.83) and a systematic region-specific model underestimation was found. The model underestimated observations by 42 % (RMSE = 49 ng g −1 ) in 2014, 48 % (RMSE = 37 ng g −1 ) in 2015 and 27 % (RMSE = 43 ng g −1 ) in 2016. For EC sampled in northwestern European Russia the underestimation by the model was smaller (fractional bias, FB > −100 %). In this region, the major sources were transportation activities and domestic combustion in Finland. When sampling shifted to western Siberia, the model underestimation was more significant (FB < −100 %). There, the sources included emissions from gas flaring as a major contributor to snow BC. The accuracy of the model calculations was also evaluated using two independent datasets of BC measurements in snow covering the entire Arctic. The model underestimated BC concentrations in snow especially for samples collected ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
N. Evangeliou V. P. Shevchenko K. E. Yttri S. Eckhardt E. Sollum O. S. Pokrovsky V. O. Kobelev V. B. Korobov A. A. Lobanov D. P. Starodymova S. N. Vorobiev R. L. Thompson A. Stohl |
author_facet |
N. Evangeliou V. P. Shevchenko K. E. Yttri S. Eckhardt E. Sollum O. S. Pokrovsky V. O. Kobelev V. B. Korobov A. A. Lobanov D. P. Starodymova S. N. Vorobiev R. L. Thompson A. Stohl |
author_sort |
N. Evangeliou |
title |
Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 |
title_short |
Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 |
title_full |
Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 |
title_fullStr |
Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Origin of elemental carbon in snow from western Siberia and northwestern European Russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 |
title_sort |
origin of elemental carbon in snow from western siberia and northwestern european russia during winter–spring 2014, 2015 and 2016 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-963-2018 https://doaj.org/article/daefd66b8e3940158bba8df8fa284358 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic black carbon Human health Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic black carbon Human health Siberia |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 18, Pp 963-977 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/963/2018/acp-18-963-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-18-963-2018 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/daefd66b8e3940158bba8df8fa284358 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-963-2018 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
963 |
op_container_end_page |
977 |
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1766334088479768576 |