Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population
Abstract Background The mosquito Anopheles arabiensis is the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Macha, Zambia. A major portion of Zambia's current malaria control programme relies on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides. Curr...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:da630aba4c9848e3a057579887e0eccc 2023-05-15T15:15:52+02:00 Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population Norris Douglas E Norris Laura C 2011-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-254 https://doaj.org/article/da630aba4c9848e3a057579887e0eccc EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/254 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-254 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/da630aba4c9848e3a057579887e0eccc Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 254 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-254 2022-12-31T08:52:26Z Abstract Background The mosquito Anopheles arabiensis is the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Macha, Zambia. A major portion of Zambia's current malaria control programme relies on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides. Currently, the efficacy of these measures against An. arabiensis in Macha is unknown, and previous data has shown that An. arabiensis has continued to feed on human hosts, despite high ITN coverage. It is possible that this could be due to either decreased efficacy of ITNs in used in Macha, or pyrethroid resistance in the vector. Methods F1 offspring of field-collected adult An. arabiensis were tested for insecticide resistance, using CDC bottle bioassays and deltamethrin ITN susceptibility assays. The mosquitoes were characterized for the knock-down resistance ( kdr ) allele by PCR. LLINs that had been in use for two years in nearby villages were collected and tested for residual deltamethrin concentration and net quality, and were used in bioassays against susceptible colonized Anopheles gambiae s.s. Keele. Additionally, a survey on ITN use and care was conducted among LLIN owners. Results In the F1 An . arabiensis field population, low levels of resistance to DDT and deltamethrin-treated net material were detected by bioassay, although the knock-down resistance ( kdr ) allele not present in the population. ITN evaluations revealed high variability in residual deltamethrin concentration, quality of the nets, and mosquito mortality in bioassays. Mortality against An. gambiae s.s. in bioassays was correlated with residual deltamethrin concentration, which was dependent upon the number of washes each net had received. Conclusions Proper LLIN care was a strong determinant of LLIN efficacy, indicating that education on the importance of LLIN use and care is key when distributing nets. As there is little insecticide resistance in the local vector population, degradation of LLINs most likely allowed for continued human feeding by ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Macha ENVELOPE(127.166,127.166,73.003,73.003) Malaria Journal 10 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Norris Douglas E Norris Laura C Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background The mosquito Anopheles arabiensis is the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Macha, Zambia. A major portion of Zambia's current malaria control programme relies on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides. Currently, the efficacy of these measures against An. arabiensis in Macha is unknown, and previous data has shown that An. arabiensis has continued to feed on human hosts, despite high ITN coverage. It is possible that this could be due to either decreased efficacy of ITNs in used in Macha, or pyrethroid resistance in the vector. Methods F1 offspring of field-collected adult An. arabiensis were tested for insecticide resistance, using CDC bottle bioassays and deltamethrin ITN susceptibility assays. The mosquitoes were characterized for the knock-down resistance ( kdr ) allele by PCR. LLINs that had been in use for two years in nearby villages were collected and tested for residual deltamethrin concentration and net quality, and were used in bioassays against susceptible colonized Anopheles gambiae s.s. Keele. Additionally, a survey on ITN use and care was conducted among LLIN owners. Results In the F1 An . arabiensis field population, low levels of resistance to DDT and deltamethrin-treated net material were detected by bioassay, although the knock-down resistance ( kdr ) allele not present in the population. ITN evaluations revealed high variability in residual deltamethrin concentration, quality of the nets, and mosquito mortality in bioassays. Mortality against An. gambiae s.s. in bioassays was correlated with residual deltamethrin concentration, which was dependent upon the number of washes each net had received. Conclusions Proper LLIN care was a strong determinant of LLIN efficacy, indicating that education on the importance of LLIN use and care is key when distributing nets. As there is little insecticide resistance in the local vector population, degradation of LLINs most likely allowed for continued human feeding by ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Norris Douglas E Norris Laura C |
author_facet |
Norris Douglas E Norris Laura C |
author_sort |
Norris Douglas E |
title |
Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population |
title_short |
Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population |
title_full |
Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population |
title_fullStr |
Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population |
title_full_unstemmed |
Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population |
title_sort |
efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in macha, zambia, against the local anopheles arabiensis population |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-254 https://doaj.org/article/da630aba4c9848e3a057579887e0eccc |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(127.166,127.166,73.003,73.003) |
geographic |
Arctic Macha |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Macha |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 254 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/254 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-254 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/da630aba4c9848e3a057579887e0eccc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-254 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766346198890840064 |