Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling
Shallowing of the Panama Sill and the closure of the Central American Seaway initiated the modern Loop Current–Gulf Stream circulation pattern during the Miocene, but no direct evidence has yet been provided for effective heat transport to the northern North Atlantic during that time. Climatic signa...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:da28509850764a1ca2f9eb03ff7bf277 2023-05-15T16:51:16+02:00 Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling T. Denk G. W. Grimm F. Grímsson R. Zetter 2013-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7927-2013 https://doaj.org/article/da28509850764a1ca2f9eb03ff7bf277 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.biogeosciences.net/10/7927/2013/bg-10-7927-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-10-7927-2013 https://doaj.org/article/da28509850764a1ca2f9eb03ff7bf277 Biogeosciences, Vol 10, Iss 12, Pp 7927-7942 (2013) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7927-2013 2022-12-31T06:47:16Z Shallowing of the Panama Sill and the closure of the Central American Seaway initiated the modern Loop Current–Gulf Stream circulation pattern during the Miocene, but no direct evidence has yet been provided for effective heat transport to the northern North Atlantic during that time. Climatic signals from 11 precisely dated plant-bearing sedimentary rock formations in Iceland, spanning 15–0.8 million years (Myr), resolve the impacts of the developing Miocene global thermohaline circulation on terrestrial vegetation in the subarctic North Atlantic region. "Köppen signatures" were implemented to express climatic properties of fossil plant taxa and their potential modern analogues using the principal concept of the generic Köppen–Geiger climate system, which is based on plant distribution patterns. Using Köppen signatures and the correlation between Köppen climate zones and major global vegetation zones, fossil assemblages were used to trace major vegetation shifts. This evidence was combined with evidence from tectonics and palaeoceanography. In contrast to the global climatic trend, the vegetation record reveals no cooling between ~ 15 and 12 Myr, whereas periods of climatic deterioration between 12 and 10 Myr, 8 and 4 Myr, and in the Pleistocene are in phase with increased pulses of ice-rafted debris in the Northern Hemisphere. The observed sequence of climate change in the northern North Atlantic can most likely be explained by an effective Gulf Stream-mediated heat transport from the middle Miocene onwards. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland North Atlantic Subarctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Geiger ENVELOPE(-62.900,-62.900,-64.300,-64.300) Biogeosciences 10 12 7927 7942 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 T. Denk G. W. Grimm F. Grímsson R. Zetter Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Shallowing of the Panama Sill and the closure of the Central American Seaway initiated the modern Loop Current–Gulf Stream circulation pattern during the Miocene, but no direct evidence has yet been provided for effective heat transport to the northern North Atlantic during that time. Climatic signals from 11 precisely dated plant-bearing sedimentary rock formations in Iceland, spanning 15–0.8 million years (Myr), resolve the impacts of the developing Miocene global thermohaline circulation on terrestrial vegetation in the subarctic North Atlantic region. "Köppen signatures" were implemented to express climatic properties of fossil plant taxa and their potential modern analogues using the principal concept of the generic Köppen–Geiger climate system, which is based on plant distribution patterns. Using Köppen signatures and the correlation between Köppen climate zones and major global vegetation zones, fossil assemblages were used to trace major vegetation shifts. This evidence was combined with evidence from tectonics and palaeoceanography. In contrast to the global climatic trend, the vegetation record reveals no cooling between ~ 15 and 12 Myr, whereas periods of climatic deterioration between 12 and 10 Myr, 8 and 4 Myr, and in the Pleistocene are in phase with increased pulses of ice-rafted debris in the Northern Hemisphere. The observed sequence of climate change in the northern North Atlantic can most likely be explained by an effective Gulf Stream-mediated heat transport from the middle Miocene onwards. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
T. Denk G. W. Grimm F. Grímsson R. Zetter |
author_facet |
T. Denk G. W. Grimm F. Grímsson R. Zetter |
author_sort |
T. Denk |
title |
Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling |
title_short |
Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling |
title_full |
Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling |
title_fullStr |
Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling |
title_sort |
evidence from "köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of gulf stream to subarctic north atlantic during miocene cooling |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7927-2013 https://doaj.org/article/da28509850764a1ca2f9eb03ff7bf277 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.900,-62.900,-64.300,-64.300) |
geographic |
Geiger |
geographic_facet |
Geiger |
genre |
Iceland North Atlantic Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Iceland North Atlantic Subarctic |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 10, Iss 12, Pp 7927-7942 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://www.biogeosciences.net/10/7927/2013/bg-10-7927-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-10-7927-2013 https://doaj.org/article/da28509850764a1ca2f9eb03ff7bf277 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7927-2013 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
7927 |
op_container_end_page |
7942 |
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1766041372419162112 |