Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization
Objective: To delineate the H9N2 influenza virus circulation within Iran and its neighboring countries, the potential source of the epidemic in these countries, and its date of origin. Methods: We obtained all hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences of influenza H9N2 available...
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d97677b6190f4fa8bd66132b71f5d3d4 2023-05-15T15:08:05+02:00 Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization Nima Ghalekhani Saied Bokaie Sana Eybpoosh Hesameddin Akbarein 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.320521 https://doaj.org/article/d97677b6190f4fa8bd66132b71f5d3d4 EN eng Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2021;volume=14;issue=7;spage=309;epage=315;aulast=Ghalekhani https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4146 2352-4146 doi:10.4103/1995-7645.320521 https://doaj.org/article/d97677b6190f4fa8bd66132b71f5d3d4 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 7, Pp 309-315 (2021) influenza virus h9n2 bayesian phylogeographic iran Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.320521 2022-12-30T19:54:31Z Objective: To delineate the H9N2 influenza virus circulation within Iran and its neighboring countries, the potential source of the epidemic in these countries, and its date of origin. Methods: We obtained all hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences of influenza H9N2 available up to December 25, 2020 from Iran and its neighboring countries (i.e., Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq). We also performed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to infer the evolutionary dynamic and the most recent common ancestor for the HA and NA sequences. Results: H9N2 epidemic may have started in Iran and Pakistan much earlier than the other investigated countries in the region, and an ongoing bidirectional dispersion of the virus between the investigated countries was also observed. The mean time of the most recent common ancestor of H9N2 viruses was 1988 for HA, and 1992 for NA. Conclusions: Strains from investigated countries rooted in Pakistan and Iran. Regular surveillance of H9N2 viruses, especially in the live bird markets, enhancing the biosecurity of poultry industry and screening newly arriving immigrants and tourists from neighboring countries at border should be considered to control spread of the virus. Furthermore, surveillance of viral molecular evolution should be initiated for effective prevention of epidemic and pandemic spreads. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 14 7 309 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
influenza virus h9n2 bayesian phylogeographic iran Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
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influenza virus h9n2 bayesian phylogeographic iran Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Nima Ghalekhani Saied Bokaie Sana Eybpoosh Hesameddin Akbarein Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization |
topic_facet |
influenza virus h9n2 bayesian phylogeographic iran Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
description |
Objective: To delineate the H9N2 influenza virus circulation within Iran and its neighboring countries, the potential source of the epidemic in these countries, and its date of origin. Methods: We obtained all hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences of influenza H9N2 available up to December 25, 2020 from Iran and its neighboring countries (i.e., Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq). We also performed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to infer the evolutionary dynamic and the most recent common ancestor for the HA and NA sequences. Results: H9N2 epidemic may have started in Iran and Pakistan much earlier than the other investigated countries in the region, and an ongoing bidirectional dispersion of the virus between the investigated countries was also observed. The mean time of the most recent common ancestor of H9N2 viruses was 1988 for HA, and 1992 for NA. Conclusions: Strains from investigated countries rooted in Pakistan and Iran. Regular surveillance of H9N2 viruses, especially in the live bird markets, enhancing the biosecurity of poultry industry and screening newly arriving immigrants and tourists from neighboring countries at border should be considered to control spread of the virus. Furthermore, surveillance of viral molecular evolution should be initiated for effective prevention of epidemic and pandemic spreads. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nima Ghalekhani Saied Bokaie Sana Eybpoosh Hesameddin Akbarein |
author_facet |
Nima Ghalekhani Saied Bokaie Sana Eybpoosh Hesameddin Akbarein |
author_sort |
Nima Ghalekhani |
title |
Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization |
title_short |
Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization |
title_full |
Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization |
title_fullStr |
Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization |
title_sort |
spatio-temporal history of h9n2 viruses in iran and neighbor countries by bayesian analysis and molecular characterization |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.320521 https://doaj.org/article/d97677b6190f4fa8bd66132b71f5d3d4 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 7, Pp 309-315 (2021) |
op_relation |
http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2021;volume=14;issue=7;spage=309;epage=315;aulast=Ghalekhani https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4146 2352-4146 doi:10.4103/1995-7645.320521 https://doaj.org/article/d97677b6190f4fa8bd66132b71f5d3d4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.320521 |
container_title |
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
309 |
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1766339514846937088 |