Dietary inflammatory index and risk of first myocardial infarction; a prospective population-based study

• Published in: Nutrition Journal
• Main Authors: Stina Bodén, Maria Wennberg, Bethany Van Guelpen, Ingegerd Johansson, Bernt Lindahl, Jonas Andersson, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert, Lena Maria Nilsson
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2017
• Subjects: DII Dietary inflammatory index; MI Myocardial infarction; NSHDS Northern Sweden health and disease study; VIP Västerbotten intervention programme; MONICA Monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease; CVD cardiovascular disease; Nutrition. Foods and food supply; TX341-641; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases; RC620-627; Northern Sweden
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0243-8; https://doaj.org/article/d8792e4f6e774286878c0c8f7ebe121f

Abstract Background Chronic, low-grade inflammation is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The inflammatory impact of diet can be reflected by concentrations of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream and the inflammatory potential of diet can be estimated by the dietary inflammatory index (DIITM), which has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in some previous studies. We aimed to examine the association between the DII and the risk of first myocardial infarction (MI) in a population-based study with long follow-up. Method We conducted a prospective case–control study of 1389 verified cases of first MI and 5555 matched controls nested within the population-based cohorts of the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS), of which the largest is the ongoing Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) with nearly 100 000 participants during the study period. Median follow-up from recruitment to MI diagnosis was 6.4 years (6.2 for men and 7.2 for women). DII scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered in 1986–2006. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using quartile 1 (most anti-inflammatory diet) as the reference category. For validation, general linear models were used to estimate the association between the DII scores and two inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a subset (n = 605) of the study population. Results Male participants with the most pro-inflammatory DII scores had an increased risk of MI [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.57 (95% CI 1.21–2.02) P trend = 0.02], which was essentially unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.50 (95% CI 1.14–1.99), P trend = 0.10]. No association was found between DII and MI in women. An increase of one DII score unit was associated with 9% higher hsCRP (95% CI 0.03–0.14) and 6% higher IL-6 (95% CI 0.02–0.11) ...