Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017.
Background Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that is maintained in domestic dogs and wildlife populations in the Republic of South Africa. A retrospective study was conducted to improve understanding of the dynamics of rabies in humans, domestic dogs, and wildlife species, in relation to the ecolog...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d7f0f25c78f64f10a77194b338ff07ae 2023-05-15T15:16:09+02:00 Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017. Kgaogelo Mogano Toru Suzuki Debrah Mohale Baby Phahladira Ernest Ngoepe Yusuke Kamata George Chirima Claude Sabeta Kohei Makita 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 https://doaj.org/article/d7f0f25c78f64f10a77194b338ff07ae EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 https://doaj.org/article/d7f0f25c78f64f10a77194b338ff07ae PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0010464 (2022) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 2022-12-30T20:39:36Z Background Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that is maintained in domestic dogs and wildlife populations in the Republic of South Africa. A retrospective study was conducted to improve understanding of the dynamics of rabies in humans, domestic dogs, and wildlife species, in relation to the ecology for three northern provinces of South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and North-West) between 1998 and 2017. Methods A descriptive epidemiology study was conducted for human and animal rabies. Dog rabies cases were analyzed using spatio-temporal scan statistics. The reproductive number (Rt) was estimated for the identified disease clusters. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the genome sequences of rabies viruses isolated from dogs, jackals, and an African civet, and Bayesian evolutionary analysis using a strict time clock model. Several ecological and socio-economic variables associated with dog rabies were modeled using univariate analyses with zero-inflated negative binomial regression and multivariable spatial analyses using the integrated nested Laplace approximation for two time periods: 1998-2002 and 2008-2012. Results Human rabies cases increased in 2006 following an increase in dog rabies cases; however, the human cases declined in the next year while dog rabies cases fluctuated. Ten disease clusters of dog rabies were identified, and utilizing the phylogenetic tree, the dynamics of animal rabies over 20 years was elucidated. In 2006, a virus strain that re-emerged in eastern Limpopo Province caused the large and persistent dog rabies outbreaks in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces. Several clusters included a rabies virus variant maintained in jackals in Limpopo Province, and the other variant in dogs widely distributed. The widely distributed variant maintained in jackal populations in North-West Province caused an outbreak in dogs in 2014. The Rt was high when the disease clusters were associated with either multiple virus strains or multiple animal species. High-risk areas included Limpopo and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Laplace ENVELOPE(141.467,141.467,-66.782,-66.782) PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16 7 e0010464 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Kgaogelo Mogano Toru Suzuki Debrah Mohale Baby Phahladira Ernest Ngoepe Yusuke Kamata George Chirima Claude Sabeta Kohei Makita Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that is maintained in domestic dogs and wildlife populations in the Republic of South Africa. A retrospective study was conducted to improve understanding of the dynamics of rabies in humans, domestic dogs, and wildlife species, in relation to the ecology for three northern provinces of South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and North-West) between 1998 and 2017. Methods A descriptive epidemiology study was conducted for human and animal rabies. Dog rabies cases were analyzed using spatio-temporal scan statistics. The reproductive number (Rt) was estimated for the identified disease clusters. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the genome sequences of rabies viruses isolated from dogs, jackals, and an African civet, and Bayesian evolutionary analysis using a strict time clock model. Several ecological and socio-economic variables associated with dog rabies were modeled using univariate analyses with zero-inflated negative binomial regression and multivariable spatial analyses using the integrated nested Laplace approximation for two time periods: 1998-2002 and 2008-2012. Results Human rabies cases increased in 2006 following an increase in dog rabies cases; however, the human cases declined in the next year while dog rabies cases fluctuated. Ten disease clusters of dog rabies were identified, and utilizing the phylogenetic tree, the dynamics of animal rabies over 20 years was elucidated. In 2006, a virus strain that re-emerged in eastern Limpopo Province caused the large and persistent dog rabies outbreaks in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces. Several clusters included a rabies virus variant maintained in jackals in Limpopo Province, and the other variant in dogs widely distributed. The widely distributed variant maintained in jackal populations in North-West Province caused an outbreak in dogs in 2014. The Rt was high when the disease clusters were associated with either multiple virus strains or multiple animal species. High-risk areas included Limpopo and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kgaogelo Mogano Toru Suzuki Debrah Mohale Baby Phahladira Ernest Ngoepe Yusuke Kamata George Chirima Claude Sabeta Kohei Makita |
author_facet |
Kgaogelo Mogano Toru Suzuki Debrah Mohale Baby Phahladira Ernest Ngoepe Yusuke Kamata George Chirima Claude Sabeta Kohei Makita |
author_sort |
Kgaogelo Mogano |
title |
Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017. |
title_short |
Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017. |
title_full |
Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017. |
title_fullStr |
Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern South Africa between 1998 and 2017. |
title_sort |
spatio-temporal epidemiology of animal and human rabies in northern south africa between 1998 and 2017. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 https://doaj.org/article/d7f0f25c78f64f10a77194b338ff07ae |
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ENVELOPE(141.467,141.467,-66.782,-66.782) |
geographic |
Arctic Laplace |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Laplace |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0010464 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 https://doaj.org/article/d7f0f25c78f64f10a77194b338ff07ae |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010464 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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