Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010
Airborne lidar and in-situ measurements of aerosols and trace gases were performed in volcanic ash plumes over Europe between Southern Germany and Iceland with the Falcon aircraft during the eruption period of the Eyjafjalla volcano between 19 April and 18 May 2010. Flight planning and measurement a...
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2011
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d7bc1db00be5407998d80fc254b59e2e 2023-05-15T16:52:46+02:00 Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010 U. Schumann B. Weinzierl O. Reitebuch H. Schlager A. Minikin C. Forster R. Baumann T. Sailer K. Graf H. Mannstein C. Voigt S. Rahm R. Simmet M. Scheibe M. Lichtenstern P. Stock H. Rüba D. Schäuble A. Tafferner M. Rautenhaus T. Gerz H. Ziereis M. Krautstrunk C. Mallaun J.-F. Gayet K. Lieke K. Kandler M. Ebert S. Weinbruch A. Stohl J. Gasteiger S. Groß V. Freudenthaler M. Wiegner A. Ansmann M. Tesche H. Olafsson K. Sturm 2011-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2245-2011 https://doaj.org/article/d7bc1db00be5407998d80fc254b59e2e EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2245/2011/acp-11-2245-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 1680-7316 1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-11-2245-2011 https://doaj.org/article/d7bc1db00be5407998d80fc254b59e2e Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 11, Iss 5, Pp 2245-2279 (2011) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2245-2011 2022-12-31T05:59:36Z Airborne lidar and in-situ measurements of aerosols and trace gases were performed in volcanic ash plumes over Europe between Southern Germany and Iceland with the Falcon aircraft during the eruption period of the Eyjafjalla volcano between 19 April and 18 May 2010. Flight planning and measurement analyses were supported by a refined Meteosat ash product and trajectory model analysis. The volcanic ash plume was observed with lidar directly over the volcano and up to a distance of 2700 km downwind, and up to 120 h plume ages. Aged ash layers were between a few 100 m to 3 km deep, occurred between 1 and 7 km altitude, and were typically 100 to 300 km wide. Particles collected by impactors had diameters up to 20 μm diameter, with size and age dependent composition. Ash mass concentrations were derived from optical particle spectrometers for a particle density of 2.6 g cm −3 and various values of the refractive index (RI, real part: 1.59; 3 values for the imaginary part: 0, 0.004 and 0.008). The mass concentrations, effective diameters and related optical properties were compared with ground-based lidar observations. Theoretical considerations of particle sedimentation constrain the particle diameters to those obtained for the lower RI values. The ash mass concentration results have an uncertainty of a factor of two. The maximum ash mass concentration encountered during the 17 flights with 34 ash plume penetrations was below 1 mg m −3 . The Falcon flew in ash clouds up to about 0.8 mg m −3 for a few minutes and in an ash cloud with approximately 0.2 mg m −3 mean-concentration for about one hour without engine damage. The ash plumes were rather dry and correlated with considerable CO and SO 2 increases and O 3 decreases. To first order, ash concentration and SO 2 mixing ratio in the plumes decreased by a factor of two within less than a day. In fresh plumes, the SO 2 and CO concentration increases were correlated with the ash mass concentration. The ash plumes were often visible slantwise as faint dark layers, even ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11 5 2245 2279 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 U. Schumann B. Weinzierl O. Reitebuch H. Schlager A. Minikin C. Forster R. Baumann T. Sailer K. Graf H. Mannstein C. Voigt S. Rahm R. Simmet M. Scheibe M. Lichtenstern P. Stock H. Rüba D. Schäuble A. Tafferner M. Rautenhaus T. Gerz H. Ziereis M. Krautstrunk C. Mallaun J.-F. Gayet K. Lieke K. Kandler M. Ebert S. Weinbruch A. Stohl J. Gasteiger S. Groß V. Freudenthaler M. Wiegner A. Ansmann M. Tesche H. Olafsson K. Sturm Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010 |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Airborne lidar and in-situ measurements of aerosols and trace gases were performed in volcanic ash plumes over Europe between Southern Germany and Iceland with the Falcon aircraft during the eruption period of the Eyjafjalla volcano between 19 April and 18 May 2010. Flight planning and measurement analyses were supported by a refined Meteosat ash product and trajectory model analysis. The volcanic ash plume was observed with lidar directly over the volcano and up to a distance of 2700 km downwind, and up to 120 h plume ages. Aged ash layers were between a few 100 m to 3 km deep, occurred between 1 and 7 km altitude, and were typically 100 to 300 km wide. Particles collected by impactors had diameters up to 20 μm diameter, with size and age dependent composition. Ash mass concentrations were derived from optical particle spectrometers for a particle density of 2.6 g cm −3 and various values of the refractive index (RI, real part: 1.59; 3 values for the imaginary part: 0, 0.004 and 0.008). The mass concentrations, effective diameters and related optical properties were compared with ground-based lidar observations. Theoretical considerations of particle sedimentation constrain the particle diameters to those obtained for the lower RI values. The ash mass concentration results have an uncertainty of a factor of two. The maximum ash mass concentration encountered during the 17 flights with 34 ash plume penetrations was below 1 mg m −3 . The Falcon flew in ash clouds up to about 0.8 mg m −3 for a few minutes and in an ash cloud with approximately 0.2 mg m −3 mean-concentration for about one hour without engine damage. The ash plumes were rather dry and correlated with considerable CO and SO 2 increases and O 3 decreases. To first order, ash concentration and SO 2 mixing ratio in the plumes decreased by a factor of two within less than a day. In fresh plumes, the SO 2 and CO concentration increases were correlated with the ash mass concentration. The ash plumes were often visible slantwise as faint dark layers, even ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
U. Schumann B. Weinzierl O. Reitebuch H. Schlager A. Minikin C. Forster R. Baumann T. Sailer K. Graf H. Mannstein C. Voigt S. Rahm R. Simmet M. Scheibe M. Lichtenstern P. Stock H. Rüba D. Schäuble A. Tafferner M. Rautenhaus T. Gerz H. Ziereis M. Krautstrunk C. Mallaun J.-F. Gayet K. Lieke K. Kandler M. Ebert S. Weinbruch A. Stohl J. Gasteiger S. Groß V. Freudenthaler M. Wiegner A. Ansmann M. Tesche H. Olafsson K. Sturm |
author_facet |
U. Schumann B. Weinzierl O. Reitebuch H. Schlager A. Minikin C. Forster R. Baumann T. Sailer K. Graf H. Mannstein C. Voigt S. Rahm R. Simmet M. Scheibe M. Lichtenstern P. Stock H. Rüba D. Schäuble A. Tafferner M. Rautenhaus T. Gerz H. Ziereis M. Krautstrunk C. Mallaun J.-F. Gayet K. Lieke K. Kandler M. Ebert S. Weinbruch A. Stohl J. Gasteiger S. Groß V. Freudenthaler M. Wiegner A. Ansmann M. Tesche H. Olafsson K. Sturm |
author_sort |
U. Schumann |
title |
Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010 |
title_short |
Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010 |
title_full |
Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010 |
title_fullStr |
Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010 |
title_sort |
airborne observations of the eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over europe during air space closure in april and may 2010 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2245-2011 https://doaj.org/article/d7bc1db00be5407998d80fc254b59e2e |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 11, Iss 5, Pp 2245-2279 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2245/2011/acp-11-2245-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 1680-7316 1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-11-2245-2011 https://doaj.org/article/d7bc1db00be5407998d80fc254b59e2e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2245-2011 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
2245 |
op_container_end_page |
2279 |
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1766043141950930944 |