Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management
Changing ocean conditions due to anthropogenic climate change, particularly the increasing severity and frequency of extreme events, are a growing concern for a range of marine sectors. Here we explore the global trends in marine heatwaves (MHWs), specifically onset and decline rates, two metrics wh...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d7b626ae81aa4c7fb1104386b20c3e57 2023-05-15T17:45:42+02:00 Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management Claire M. Spillman Grant A. Smith Alistair J. Hobday Jason R. Hartog 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.801217 https://doaj.org/article/d7b626ae81aa4c7fb1104386b20c3e57 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2021.801217/full https://doaj.org/toc/2624-9553 2624-9553 doi:10.3389/fclim.2021.801217 https://doaj.org/article/d7b626ae81aa4c7fb1104386b20c3e57 Frontiers in Climate, Vol 3 (2021) marine heatwave climate change forecast skill seasonal prediction ACCESS-S preparation window Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.801217 2022-12-31T16:25:53Z Changing ocean conditions due to anthropogenic climate change, particularly the increasing severity and frequency of extreme events, are a growing concern for a range of marine sectors. Here we explore the global trends in marine heatwaves (MHWs), specifically onset and decline rates, two metrics which describe how quickly a MHW will emerge or disappear from a location. These rates determine the reaction window—the start of a MHW event to peak MHW temperatures—and the coping window—time from peak temperatures to the end of an event—two important time periods relevant to a marine decision-maker. We show that MHW onset and decline rates are fastest in dynamic ocean regions and that overall, the global trend in onset rate is greater than the global trend in decline rate. We map ocean regions where these rates are changing together with forecast skill from a seasonal dynamical model (ACCESS-S). This analysis highlights areas where the length of the preparation window for impending MHWs is increased by using forecasts, and areas where marine decision-makers should be prepared for rapid responses based on realtime observations as MHWs evolve. In regions such as south Africa and Kerguelen, northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, southwest South Atlantic and off Australian east coast where rapid median onset and decline rates are observed, there is also a positive trend in onset and decline rates i.e., MHWs are developing and declining more rapidly. This will be a concern for many decision-makers operating in these regions. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northwest Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Kerguelen Pacific Frontiers in Climate 3 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
marine heatwave climate change forecast skill seasonal prediction ACCESS-S preparation window Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
marine heatwave climate change forecast skill seasonal prediction ACCESS-S preparation window Environmental sciences GE1-350 Claire M. Spillman Grant A. Smith Alistair J. Hobday Jason R. Hartog Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management |
topic_facet |
marine heatwave climate change forecast skill seasonal prediction ACCESS-S preparation window Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Changing ocean conditions due to anthropogenic climate change, particularly the increasing severity and frequency of extreme events, are a growing concern for a range of marine sectors. Here we explore the global trends in marine heatwaves (MHWs), specifically onset and decline rates, two metrics which describe how quickly a MHW will emerge or disappear from a location. These rates determine the reaction window—the start of a MHW event to peak MHW temperatures—and the coping window—time from peak temperatures to the end of an event—two important time periods relevant to a marine decision-maker. We show that MHW onset and decline rates are fastest in dynamic ocean regions and that overall, the global trend in onset rate is greater than the global trend in decline rate. We map ocean regions where these rates are changing together with forecast skill from a seasonal dynamical model (ACCESS-S). This analysis highlights areas where the length of the preparation window for impending MHWs is increased by using forecasts, and areas where marine decision-makers should be prepared for rapid responses based on realtime observations as MHWs evolve. In regions such as south Africa and Kerguelen, northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, southwest South Atlantic and off Australian east coast where rapid median onset and decline rates are observed, there is also a positive trend in onset and decline rates i.e., MHWs are developing and declining more rapidly. This will be a concern for many decision-makers operating in these regions. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Claire M. Spillman Grant A. Smith Alistair J. Hobday Jason R. Hartog |
author_facet |
Claire M. Spillman Grant A. Smith Alistair J. Hobday Jason R. Hartog |
author_sort |
Claire M. Spillman |
title |
Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management |
title_short |
Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management |
title_full |
Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management |
title_fullStr |
Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management |
title_full_unstemmed |
Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management |
title_sort |
onset and decline rates of marine heatwaves: global trends, seasonal forecasts and marine management |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.801217 https://doaj.org/article/d7b626ae81aa4c7fb1104386b20c3e57 |
geographic |
Kerguelen Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Kerguelen Pacific |
genre |
Northwest Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Northwest Atlantic |
op_source |
Frontiers in Climate, Vol 3 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2021.801217/full https://doaj.org/toc/2624-9553 2624-9553 doi:10.3389/fclim.2021.801217 https://doaj.org/article/d7b626ae81aa4c7fb1104386b20c3e57 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.801217 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Climate |
container_volume |
3 |
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1766148908758597632 |