Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study.
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), first recognized in 1999 in Norway, and later also reported in Scotland and Chile. We undertook a longitudinal study involving health evaluation over an entire marine production cycle...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d592d4a177344a37a7d0770f33181daf 2023-05-15T15:32:53+02:00 Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. Emiliano Di Cicco Hugh W Ferguson Angela D Schulze Karia H Kaukinen Shaorong Li Raphaël Vanderstichel Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Ian A Gardner K Larry Hammell Kristina M Miller 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171471 https://doaj.org/article/d592d4a177344a37a7d0770f33181daf EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5321275?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171471 https://doaj.org/article/d592d4a177344a37a7d0770f33181daf PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 2, p e0171471 (2017) Medicine R Science Q article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171471 2022-12-31T11:58:47Z Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), first recognized in 1999 in Norway, and later also reported in Scotland and Chile. We undertook a longitudinal study involving health evaluation over an entire marine production cycle on one salmon farm in British Columbia (Canada). In previous production cycles at this farm site and others in the vicinity, cardiac lesions not linked to a specific infectious agent or disease were identified. Histologic assessments of both live and moribund fish samples collected at the farm during the longitudinal study documented at the population level the development, peak, and recovery phases of HSMI. The fish underwent histopathological evaluation of all tissues, Twort's Gram staining, immunohistochemistry, and molecular quantification in heart tissue of 44 agents known or suspected to cause disease in salmon. Our analysis showed evidence of HSMI histopathological lesions over an 11-month timespan, with the prevalence of lesions peaking at 80-100% in sampled fish, despite mild clinical signs with no associated elevation in mortalities reported at the farm level. Diffuse mononuclear inflammation and myodegeneration, consistent with HSMI, was the predominant histologic observation in affected heart and skeletal muscle. Infective agent monitoring identified three agents at high prevalence in salmon heart tissue, including Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), and parasites Paranucleospora theridion and Kudoa thyrsites. However, PRV alone was statistically correlated with the occurrence and severity of histopathological lesions in the heart. Immunohistochemical staining further localized PRV throughout HSMI development, with the virus found mainly within red blood cells in early cases, moving into the cardiomyocytes within or, more often, on the periphery of the inflammatory reaction during the peak disease, and reducing to low or undetectable levels later in the production cycle. This study represents the first ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada Norway British Columbia ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) PLOS ONE 12 2 e0171471 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Emiliano Di Cicco Hugh W Ferguson Angela D Schulze Karia H Kaukinen Shaorong Li Raphaël Vanderstichel Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Ian A Gardner K Larry Hammell Kristina M Miller Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. |
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Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), first recognized in 1999 in Norway, and later also reported in Scotland and Chile. We undertook a longitudinal study involving health evaluation over an entire marine production cycle on one salmon farm in British Columbia (Canada). In previous production cycles at this farm site and others in the vicinity, cardiac lesions not linked to a specific infectious agent or disease were identified. Histologic assessments of both live and moribund fish samples collected at the farm during the longitudinal study documented at the population level the development, peak, and recovery phases of HSMI. The fish underwent histopathological evaluation of all tissues, Twort's Gram staining, immunohistochemistry, and molecular quantification in heart tissue of 44 agents known or suspected to cause disease in salmon. Our analysis showed evidence of HSMI histopathological lesions over an 11-month timespan, with the prevalence of lesions peaking at 80-100% in sampled fish, despite mild clinical signs with no associated elevation in mortalities reported at the farm level. Diffuse mononuclear inflammation and myodegeneration, consistent with HSMI, was the predominant histologic observation in affected heart and skeletal muscle. Infective agent monitoring identified three agents at high prevalence in salmon heart tissue, including Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), and parasites Paranucleospora theridion and Kudoa thyrsites. However, PRV alone was statistically correlated with the occurrence and severity of histopathological lesions in the heart. Immunohistochemical staining further localized PRV throughout HSMI development, with the virus found mainly within red blood cells in early cases, moving into the cardiomyocytes within or, more often, on the periphery of the inflammatory reaction during the peak disease, and reducing to low or undetectable levels later in the production cycle. This study represents the first ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Emiliano Di Cicco Hugh W Ferguson Angela D Schulze Karia H Kaukinen Shaorong Li Raphaël Vanderstichel Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Ian A Gardner K Larry Hammell Kristina M Miller |
author_facet |
Emiliano Di Cicco Hugh W Ferguson Angela D Schulze Karia H Kaukinen Shaorong Li Raphaël Vanderstichel Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Ian A Gardner K Larry Hammell Kristina M Miller |
author_sort |
Emiliano Di Cicco |
title |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. |
title_short |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. |
title_full |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. |
title_fullStr |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) disease diagnosed on a British Columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. |
title_sort |
heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) disease diagnosed on a british columbia salmon farm through a longitudinal farm study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171471 https://doaj.org/article/d592d4a177344a37a7d0770f33181daf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) |
geographic |
Canada Norway British Columbia |
geographic_facet |
Canada Norway British Columbia |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 2, p e0171471 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5321275?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171471 https://doaj.org/article/d592d4a177344a37a7d0770f33181daf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171471 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
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12 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
e0171471 |
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1766363359876218880 |