Initialization of thermal models in cold and warm permafrost

• Published in: Arctic Science
• Main Authors: Cameron Ross, Greg Siemens, Ryley Beddoe
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English; French
• Published: Canadian Science Publishing 2022
• Subjects: permafrost model; spin-up; equilibrium modelling; surface energy balance; thermal modelling; modèle de pergélisol; Environmental sciences; GE1-350; Environmental engineering; TA170-171; Arctic; permafrost; pergélisol
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0013; https://doaj.org/article/d561efc253b04ee5a2d2a4f54cb98d6c

Equilibrium modelling, also known as spin-up, is a technique for initializing a stable thermal regime in ground temperature models for permafrost regions. The results act as a baseline for subsequent transient analyses of ground temperature response to climate change or infrastructure. In practice, spin-up procedures are often loosely described or neglected, and the criteria by which a stable thermal regime is evaluated are rarely defined or presented explicitly. In this paper, model results show that no single criterion based on thresholds of inter-cycle temperature change can be used to identify a stable thermal regime in all spin-up scenarios. Results from simulations using a wide range of initialization temperatures and conditions show the number of spin-up cycles can range between 10 and 10 000, and a spin-up criterion as fine as 0.00001 °C/cycle is required to achieve a stable thermal regime suitable for deeper warm permafrost models. The implications of selected threshold criteria are examined in follow-up transient analyses and show that warm permafrost models can be highly sensitive to initial temperature profiles based on the criterion used. The results alert scientists and engineers to the importance of initialization on site-specific and regional permafrost models for transient ground temperature analyses.