Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)
Here we have studied the impact of lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) infestation of donor fish on the ability of isolated peripheral blood monocytes (PMBCs) to control the replication of salmonid alphavirus (SAV) ex vivo. PMBC were collected by Percoll gradients at eight and nine weeks post copepodid...
Published in: | Viruses |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121450 https://doaj.org/article/d48b17ad11f44b5eae8c3af63e680541 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d48b17ad11f44b5eae8c3af63e680541 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d48b17ad11f44b5eae8c3af63e680541 2023-05-15T15:31:39+02:00 Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) Amr A. A. Gamil Koestan Gadan Elisabeth Gislefoss Øystein Evensen 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121450 https://doaj.org/article/d48b17ad11f44b5eae8c3af63e680541 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1450 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v12121450 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/d48b17ad11f44b5eae8c3af63e680541 Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 1450, p 1450 (2020) Lepeophtheirus salmonis innate immune responses salmonid alphavirus interaction Microbiology QR1-502 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121450 2022-12-31T13:48:29Z Here we have studied the impact of lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) infestation of donor fish on the ability of isolated peripheral blood monocytes (PMBCs) to control the replication of salmonid alphavirus (SAV) ex vivo. PMBC were collected by Percoll gradients at eight and nine weeks post copepodid infestation of Atlantic salmon post smolt. Uninfested fish were controls. PBMCs were then infected ex vivo with SAV (subtype 3), and samples were collected for analysis at two, four, and six days post virus infection. Virus titer in the supernatant was assayed in CHH-1 cells, and in addition, the relative expression of the virus structural protein E2 and selected host antiviral genes, IRF9, ISG15, Mx, and IFIT5, were assayed using real-time PCR. Significantly higher virus replication was detected in cells collected from lice-infested fish compared to controls. Higher virus titer coincided with an inability to upregulate the expression of different immune genes, IFIT5, IRF9, and Mx. These findings point towards compromised ability of PMBCs from lice-infested fish to control virus replication, and, to our knowledge, is the first report showing the direct effect of lice infestation on the interplay between viruses and immune cells. There is a possible impact on the dynamic spread of viral diseases in the aquatic environment. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) Viruses 12 12 1450 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Lepeophtheirus salmonis innate immune responses salmonid alphavirus interaction Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
Lepeophtheirus salmonis innate immune responses salmonid alphavirus interaction Microbiology QR1-502 Amr A. A. Gamil Koestan Gadan Elisabeth Gislefoss Øystein Evensen Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
topic_facet |
Lepeophtheirus salmonis innate immune responses salmonid alphavirus interaction Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Here we have studied the impact of lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) infestation of donor fish on the ability of isolated peripheral blood monocytes (PMBCs) to control the replication of salmonid alphavirus (SAV) ex vivo. PMBC were collected by Percoll gradients at eight and nine weeks post copepodid infestation of Atlantic salmon post smolt. Uninfested fish were controls. PBMCs were then infected ex vivo with SAV (subtype 3), and samples were collected for analysis at two, four, and six days post virus infection. Virus titer in the supernatant was assayed in CHH-1 cells, and in addition, the relative expression of the virus structural protein E2 and selected host antiviral genes, IRF9, ISG15, Mx, and IFIT5, were assayed using real-time PCR. Significantly higher virus replication was detected in cells collected from lice-infested fish compared to controls. Higher virus titer coincided with an inability to upregulate the expression of different immune genes, IFIT5, IRF9, and Mx. These findings point towards compromised ability of PMBCs from lice-infested fish to control virus replication, and, to our knowledge, is the first report showing the direct effect of lice infestation on the interplay between viruses and immune cells. There is a possible impact on the dynamic spread of viral diseases in the aquatic environment. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Amr A. A. Gamil Koestan Gadan Elisabeth Gislefoss Øystein Evensen |
author_facet |
Amr A. A. Gamil Koestan Gadan Elisabeth Gislefoss Øystein Evensen |
author_sort |
Amr A. A. Gamil |
title |
Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_short |
Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_full |
Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_fullStr |
Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sea Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) Infestation Reduces the Ability of Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells (PBMCs) to Respond to and Control Replication of Salmonid Alphavirus in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) |
title_sort |
sea lice ( lepeophtheirus salmonis ) infestation reduces the ability of peripheral blood monocytic cells (pbmcs) to respond to and control replication of salmonid alphavirus in atlantic salmon ( salmo salar l.) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121450 https://doaj.org/article/d48b17ad11f44b5eae8c3af63e680541 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Sav’ |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 1450, p 1450 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1450 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v12121450 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/d48b17ad11f44b5eae8c3af63e680541 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121450 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
1450 |
_version_ |
1766362188664012800 |