Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice
The transmission of ultraviolet (UVR) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) through sea ice is a key factor controlling under-ice phytoplankton growth in seasonally ice-covered waters. The increase toward sufficient light levels for positive net photosynthesis occurs concurrently with the...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d38e7e07d16d49ed8fc48eec9bd02f5c 2023-05-15T13:11:36+02:00 Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice Lisa C. Matthes C. J. Mundy S. L.-Girard M. Babin G. Verin J. K. Ehn 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00183 https://doaj.org/article/d38e7e07d16d49ed8fc48eec9bd02f5c EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00183/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00183 https://doaj.org/article/d38e7e07d16d49ed8fc48eec9bd02f5c Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 7 (2020) Arctic sea ice radiative transfer PAR UVR transmittance spatial variability Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00183 2023-01-08T01:33:11Z The transmission of ultraviolet (UVR) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) through sea ice is a key factor controlling under-ice phytoplankton growth in seasonally ice-covered waters. The increase toward sufficient light levels for positive net photosynthesis occurs concurrently with the sea ice melt progression in late spring when ice surface conditions shift from a relatively homogeneous high-albedo snow cover to a less reflective mosaic of bare ice and melt ponds. Here, we present a detailed dataset on the spatial and temporal progression of transmitted UVR and PAR in relation to changing quantities of snow, sea ice and melt ponds. Data were collected with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the GreenEdge landfast sea ice campaign in June–July 2016 in southwestern Baffin Bay. Over the course of melt progression, there was a 10-fold increase in spatially averaged UVR and PAR transmission through the sea ice cover, reaching a maximum transmission of 31% for PAR, 7% for UVB, and 26% for UVA radiation. The depth under the sea ice experiencing spatial variability in light levels due to the influence of surface heterogeneity in snow, white ice and melt pond distributions increased from 7 ± 4 to 20 ± 6 m over our study. Phytoplankton drifting in under-ice surface waters were thus exposed to variations in PAR availability of up to 43%, highlighting the importance to account for spatial heterogeneity in light transmission through melting sea ice. Consequently, we demonstrate that spatial averages of PAR transmission provided more representative light availability estimates to explain under-ice bloom progression relative to single point irradiance measurements during the sea ice melt season. Encouragingly, the strong dichotomy between white ice and melt pond PAR transmittance and surface albedo permitted a very good estimate of spatially averaged light transmission from drone imagery of the surface and point transmittance measurements beneath different ice surface types. Article in Journal/Newspaper albedo Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Phytoplankton Sea ice ice covered waters Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Baffin Bay Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic sea ice radiative transfer PAR UVR transmittance spatial variability Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic sea ice radiative transfer PAR UVR transmittance spatial variability Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Lisa C. Matthes C. J. Mundy S. L.-Girard M. Babin G. Verin J. K. Ehn Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice |
topic_facet |
Arctic sea ice radiative transfer PAR UVR transmittance spatial variability Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
The transmission of ultraviolet (UVR) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) through sea ice is a key factor controlling under-ice phytoplankton growth in seasonally ice-covered waters. The increase toward sufficient light levels for positive net photosynthesis occurs concurrently with the sea ice melt progression in late spring when ice surface conditions shift from a relatively homogeneous high-albedo snow cover to a less reflective mosaic of bare ice and melt ponds. Here, we present a detailed dataset on the spatial and temporal progression of transmitted UVR and PAR in relation to changing quantities of snow, sea ice and melt ponds. Data were collected with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the GreenEdge landfast sea ice campaign in June–July 2016 in southwestern Baffin Bay. Over the course of melt progression, there was a 10-fold increase in spatially averaged UVR and PAR transmission through the sea ice cover, reaching a maximum transmission of 31% for PAR, 7% for UVB, and 26% for UVA radiation. The depth under the sea ice experiencing spatial variability in light levels due to the influence of surface heterogeneity in snow, white ice and melt pond distributions increased from 7 ± 4 to 20 ± 6 m over our study. Phytoplankton drifting in under-ice surface waters were thus exposed to variations in PAR availability of up to 43%, highlighting the importance to account for spatial heterogeneity in light transmission through melting sea ice. Consequently, we demonstrate that spatial averages of PAR transmission provided more representative light availability estimates to explain under-ice bloom progression relative to single point irradiance measurements during the sea ice melt season. Encouragingly, the strong dichotomy between white ice and melt pond PAR transmittance and surface albedo permitted a very good estimate of spatially averaged light transmission from drone imagery of the surface and point transmittance measurements beneath different ice surface types. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lisa C. Matthes C. J. Mundy S. L.-Girard M. Babin G. Verin J. K. Ehn |
author_facet |
Lisa C. Matthes C. J. Mundy S. L.-Girard M. Babin G. Verin J. K. Ehn |
author_sort |
Lisa C. Matthes |
title |
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice |
title_short |
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice |
title_full |
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice |
title_fullStr |
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice |
title_sort |
spatial heterogeneity as a key variable influencing spring-summer progression in uvr and par transmission through arctic sea ice |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00183 https://doaj.org/article/d38e7e07d16d49ed8fc48eec9bd02f5c |
geographic |
Arctic Baffin Bay |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay |
genre |
albedo Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Phytoplankton Sea ice ice covered waters |
genre_facet |
albedo Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Phytoplankton Sea ice ice covered waters |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 7 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00183/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00183 https://doaj.org/article/d38e7e07d16d49ed8fc48eec9bd02f5c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00183 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
_version_ |
1766248157162766336 |