Occurrence of Bisphenols and Benzophenone UV Filters in White-Tailed Eagles ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) from Smøla, Norway

• Published in: Toxics
• Main Authors: Bernat Oró-Nolla, Silvia Lacorte, Kristine Vike-Jonas, Susana V. Gonzalez, Torgeir Nygård, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Veerle L.B. Jaspers
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021
• Subjects: emerging contaminants; bisphenols; benzophenone UV filters; raptor biomonitoring; white-tailed eagle; liver; Chemical technology; TP1-1185; Norway; Smøla; Haliaeetus albicilla; White-tailed eagle
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9020034; https://doaj.org/article/d3789b7de1ea48cfba928199e93701d1

There is a growing concern about the occurrence of bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters in natural ecosystems, while data are limited regarding their actual occurrence in wildlife species, especially in raptors. In this study, concentrations of bisphenol and benzophenone UV filter analogues were determined in liver tissue samples ( n = 38) from white-tailed eagles ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) that were found dead in Smøla (2006–2018), which is a Norwegian municipality that holds one of the densest breeding populations of white-tailed eagles in Europe. Bisphenol AF (BPAF; a fluorinated analogue) was the most ubiquitous contaminant since it was detected in 32 liver samples at concentrations ranging from 1.08 to 6.68 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), followed by bisphenol A (BPA, mean 10.4 ng/g w.w.), benzophenone-1 (BzP-1, mean 3.24 ng/g w.w.), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BzP, mean 0.62 ng/g w.w.). The concentrations found in livers suggested that white-tailed eagles potentially accumulate bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters, which raises concern, as these plastic and personal care product-related emerging contaminants can show endocrine-disrupting properties. The high detection frequency of the fluorinated BPAF warrants further attention as other fluorinated compounds have proven to be extremely persistent and potentially harmful to wildlife.