A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate
Both temperature and humidity may independently or jointly contribute to the risk of human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, either through altered survival and spread of viruses in the environment or due to changes in host susceptibility. This study examined the relationship between short-term variation...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d34d8a5996a041cb973dc615619ec784 2023-05-15T18:28:35+02:00 A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate Tiina M. Ikäheimo Kari Jaakkola Jari Jokelainen Annika Saukkoriipi Merja Roivainen Raija Juvonen Olli Vainio Jouni J.K. Jaakkola 2016-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/v8090244 https://doaj.org/article/d34d8a5996a041cb973dc615619ec784 EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/9/244 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v8090244 https://doaj.org/article/d34d8a5996a041cb973dc615619ec784 Viruses, Vol 8, Iss 9, p 244 (2016) human rhinovirus low temperature absolute humidity Microbiology QR1-502 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/v8090244 2022-12-31T01:27:00Z Both temperature and humidity may independently or jointly contribute to the risk of human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, either through altered survival and spread of viruses in the environment or due to changes in host susceptibility. This study examined the relationship between short-term variations in temperature and humidity and the risk of HRV infections in a subarctic climate. We conducted a case-crossover study among conscripts (n = 892) seeking medical attention due to respiratory symptoms during their military training and identified 147 HRV cases by real-time PCR. An average temperature, a decline in daily ambient temperature and absolute humidity (AH) during the three preceding days of the onset (hazard period) and two reference periods (a week prior and after the onset) were obtained. The average daily temperature preceding HRV infections was −9.9 ± 4.9 °C and the average AH was 2.2 ± 0.9 g/m3. An average (odds ratios (OR) 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.15)) and maximal (OR 1.08 (1.01–1.17)) change in temperature increased the risk of HRV infections by 8% per 1 °C decrease. An average (OR 1.20 (CI 1.03–1.40)) and maximal decrease (OR 1.13 (CI 0.96–1.34)) in AH increased the risk of HRV infection by 13% and 20% per 0.5 g/m3 decrease. A higher average temperature during the three preceding days was positively associated with HRV infections (OR 1.07 (CI 1.00–1.15)). A decrease rather than low temperature and humidity per se during the preceding few days increases the risk of HRV infections in a cold climate. The information is applicable to populations residing in cold climates for appropriate personal protection and prevention of adverse health effects. Article in Journal/Newspaper Subarctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Viruses 8 9 244 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
human rhinovirus low temperature absolute humidity Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
human rhinovirus low temperature absolute humidity Microbiology QR1-502 Tiina M. Ikäheimo Kari Jaakkola Jari Jokelainen Annika Saukkoriipi Merja Roivainen Raija Juvonen Olli Vainio Jouni J.K. Jaakkola A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate |
topic_facet |
human rhinovirus low temperature absolute humidity Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Both temperature and humidity may independently or jointly contribute to the risk of human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, either through altered survival and spread of viruses in the environment or due to changes in host susceptibility. This study examined the relationship between short-term variations in temperature and humidity and the risk of HRV infections in a subarctic climate. We conducted a case-crossover study among conscripts (n = 892) seeking medical attention due to respiratory symptoms during their military training and identified 147 HRV cases by real-time PCR. An average temperature, a decline in daily ambient temperature and absolute humidity (AH) during the three preceding days of the onset (hazard period) and two reference periods (a week prior and after the onset) were obtained. The average daily temperature preceding HRV infections was −9.9 ± 4.9 °C and the average AH was 2.2 ± 0.9 g/m3. An average (odds ratios (OR) 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.15)) and maximal (OR 1.08 (1.01–1.17)) change in temperature increased the risk of HRV infections by 8% per 1 °C decrease. An average (OR 1.20 (CI 1.03–1.40)) and maximal decrease (OR 1.13 (CI 0.96–1.34)) in AH increased the risk of HRV infection by 13% and 20% per 0.5 g/m3 decrease. A higher average temperature during the three preceding days was positively associated with HRV infections (OR 1.07 (CI 1.00–1.15)). A decrease rather than low temperature and humidity per se during the preceding few days increases the risk of HRV infections in a cold climate. The information is applicable to populations residing in cold climates for appropriate personal protection and prevention of adverse health effects. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tiina M. Ikäheimo Kari Jaakkola Jari Jokelainen Annika Saukkoriipi Merja Roivainen Raija Juvonen Olli Vainio Jouni J.K. Jaakkola |
author_facet |
Tiina M. Ikäheimo Kari Jaakkola Jari Jokelainen Annika Saukkoriipi Merja Roivainen Raija Juvonen Olli Vainio Jouni J.K. Jaakkola |
author_sort |
Tiina M. Ikäheimo |
title |
A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate |
title_short |
A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate |
title_full |
A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate |
title_fullStr |
A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Decrease in Temperature and Humidity Precedes Human Rhinovirus Infections in a Cold Climate |
title_sort |
decrease in temperature and humidity precedes human rhinovirus infections in a cold climate |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v8090244 https://doaj.org/article/d34d8a5996a041cb973dc615619ec784 |
genre |
Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Subarctic |
op_source |
Viruses, Vol 8, Iss 9, p 244 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/9/244 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v8090244 https://doaj.org/article/d34d8a5996a041cb973dc615619ec784 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v8090244 |
container_title |
Viruses |
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8 |
container_issue |
9 |
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244 |
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1766211110640287744 |