Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa
Year-round operation of biorefineries can be possible only if the continuous flow of cellulosic biomass is guaranteed. If corn (Zea mays) stover is the primary cellulosic biomass, it is essential to recognize that this feedstock has a short annual harvest window (≤1–2 months) and therefore cost effe...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d339a5b632244bcfac2c03b456b88fc2 2023-05-15T16:01:29+02:00 Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa Ajay Shah Christopher Hoffman Keith Webster Matthew J. Darr 2011-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/en4101687 https://doaj.org/article/d339a5b632244bcfac2c03b456b88fc2 EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/4/10/1687/ https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 doi:10.3390/en4101687 1996-1073 https://doaj.org/article/d339a5b632244bcfac2c03b456b88fc2 Energies, Vol 4, Iss 10, Pp 1687-1695 (2011) single-pass corn stover large square bales dry matter loss (DML) outside storage characteristics Technology T article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/en4101687 2022-12-30T20:41:10Z Year-round operation of biorefineries can be possible only if the continuous flow of cellulosic biomass is guaranteed. If corn (Zea mays) stover is the primary cellulosic biomass, it is essential to recognize that this feedstock has a short annual harvest window (≤1–2 months) and therefore cost effective storage techniques that preserve feedstock quality must be identified. This study evaluated two outdoor and one indoor storage strategies for corn stover bales in Iowa. High- and low-moisture stover bales were prepared in the fall of 2009, and stored either outdoors with two different types of cover (tarp and breathable film) or within a building for 3 or 9 months. Dry matter loss (DML), changes in moisture and biomass compositions (fiber and ultimate analyses) were determined. DML for bales stored outdoor with tarp and breathable film covers were in the ranges of 5–11 and 14–17%, respectively. More than half of the total DML occurred early during the storage. There were measurable differences in carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and acid detergent lignin for the different storage treatments, but the changes were small and within a narrow range. For the bale storage treatments investigated, cellulose content increased by as much as 4%s from an initial level of ~41%, hemicellulose content changed by −2 to 1% from ~34%, and acid detergent lignin contents increased by as much as 3% from an initial value of ~5%. Tarp covered bales stored the best in this study, but other methods, such as tube-wrapping, and economics need further investigation. Article in Journal/Newspaper DML Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Energies 4 10 1687 1695 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
single-pass corn stover large square bales dry matter loss (DML) outside storage characteristics Technology T |
spellingShingle |
single-pass corn stover large square bales dry matter loss (DML) outside storage characteristics Technology T Ajay Shah Christopher Hoffman Keith Webster Matthew J. Darr Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa |
topic_facet |
single-pass corn stover large square bales dry matter loss (DML) outside storage characteristics Technology T |
description |
Year-round operation of biorefineries can be possible only if the continuous flow of cellulosic biomass is guaranteed. If corn (Zea mays) stover is the primary cellulosic biomass, it is essential to recognize that this feedstock has a short annual harvest window (≤1–2 months) and therefore cost effective storage techniques that preserve feedstock quality must be identified. This study evaluated two outdoor and one indoor storage strategies for corn stover bales in Iowa. High- and low-moisture stover bales were prepared in the fall of 2009, and stored either outdoors with two different types of cover (tarp and breathable film) or within a building for 3 or 9 months. Dry matter loss (DML), changes in moisture and biomass compositions (fiber and ultimate analyses) were determined. DML for bales stored outdoor with tarp and breathable film covers were in the ranges of 5–11 and 14–17%, respectively. More than half of the total DML occurred early during the storage. There were measurable differences in carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and acid detergent lignin for the different storage treatments, but the changes were small and within a narrow range. For the bale storage treatments investigated, cellulose content increased by as much as 4%s from an initial level of ~41%, hemicellulose content changed by −2 to 1% from ~34%, and acid detergent lignin contents increased by as much as 3% from an initial value of ~5%. Tarp covered bales stored the best in this study, but other methods, such as tube-wrapping, and economics need further investigation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ajay Shah Christopher Hoffman Keith Webster Matthew J. Darr |
author_facet |
Ajay Shah Christopher Hoffman Keith Webster Matthew J. Darr |
author_sort |
Ajay Shah |
title |
Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa |
title_short |
Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa |
title_full |
Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa |
title_fullStr |
Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Outdoor Storage Characteristics of Single-Pass Large Square Corn Stover Bales in Iowa |
title_sort |
outdoor storage characteristics of single-pass large square corn stover bales in iowa |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en4101687 https://doaj.org/article/d339a5b632244bcfac2c03b456b88fc2 |
genre |
DML |
genre_facet |
DML |
op_source |
Energies, Vol 4, Iss 10, Pp 1687-1695 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/4/10/1687/ https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 doi:10.3390/en4101687 1996-1073 https://doaj.org/article/d339a5b632244bcfac2c03b456b88fc2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en4101687 |
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Energies |
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4 |
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10 |
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1687 |
op_container_end_page |
1695 |
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1766397314787704832 |