Need for split: integrative taxonomy reveals unnoticed diversity in the subaquatic species of Pseudohygrohypnum (Pylaisiaceae, Bryophyta)

• Published in: PeerJ
• Main Authors: Vladimir E. Fedosov, Anna V. Shkurko, Alina V. Fedorova, Elena A. Ignatova, Evgeniya N. Solovyeva, John C. Brinda, Michael S. Ignatov, Jan Kučera
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: PeerJ Inc. 2022
• Subjects: Biogeography; Cryptic diversity; Allopatry; Hypnales; Disjunctive distribution; Species distribution model; Medicine; R; Biology (General); QH301-705.5; Arctic; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13260; https://doaj.org/article/d32183fc91d64aa8a221c8982d5064c3

We present an integrative molecular and morphological study of subaquatic representatives of the genus Pseudohygrohypnum (Pylaisiaceae, Bryophyta), supplemented by distribution modelling of the revealed phylogenetic lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and plastid datasets combined with the assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) algorithm revealed eight distinct species within the traditionally circumscribed P. eugyrium and P. subeugyrium. These species are therefore yet another example of seemingly widely distributed taxa that harbour molecularly well-differentiated lineages with narrower distribution ranges. Studied accessions that were previously assigned to P. eugyrium form three clearly allopatric lineages, associated with temperate regions of Europe, eastern North America and eastern Asia. Remarkably, accessions falling under the current morphological concept of P. subeugyrium were shown to be even more diverse, containing five phylogenetic lineages. Three of these lineages occur under harsh Asian continental climates from cool-temperate to Arctic regions, while the remaining two, referred to P. subeugyrium s.str. and P. purpurascens, have more oceanic North Atlantic and East Asian distributions. Niche identity and similarity tests suggested no similarity in the distributions of the phylogenetically related lineages but revealed the identity of two East Asian species and the similarity of two pairs of unrelated species. A morphological survey confirmed the distinctness of all eight phylogenetic lineages, requiring the description of five new species. Pseudohygrohypnum appalachianum and P. orientale are described for North American and East Asian plants of P. eugyrium s.l., while P. sibiricum, P. subarcticum and P. neglectum are described for the three continental, predominantly Asian lineages of P. subeugyrium s.l. Our results highlight the importance of nontropical Asia as a center of bryophyte diversity. Phylogenic dating suggests that the diversification of subaquatic Pseudohygrohypnum ...