Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation
This paper reassesses published interpretation that beef and cone-in-cone (B-CIC) fibrous calcite cements were precipitated contemporaneously just below the sea floor in unconsolidated sediment, in limestones associated with the end-Permian (P/T) and end-Triassic (T/J) mass extinctions. That interpr...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d31438e27e754c3184e46905a86ffd06 2023-05-15T17:50:58+02:00 Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation Stephen Kershaw Li Guo 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003 https://doaj.org/article/d31438e27e754c3184e46905a86ffd06 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095383615300523 https://doaj.org/toc/2095-3836 2095-3836 doi:10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003 https://doaj.org/article/d31438e27e754c3184e46905a86ffd06 Journal of Palaeogeography, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 28-42 (2016) End-Permian mass extinction End-Triassic mass extinction Beef Cone-in-cone calcite Ocean acidification Paleontology QE701-760 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003 2022-12-31T14:37:19Z This paper reassesses published interpretation that beef and cone-in-cone (B-CIC) fibrous calcite cements were precipitated contemporaneously just below the sea floor in unconsolidated sediment, in limestones associated with the end-Permian (P/T) and end-Triassic (T/J) mass extinctions. That interpretation introduced the concept of a sub-seafloor carbonate factory associated with ocean acidification by raised carbon dioxide driven by volcanic eruption, coinciding with mass extinction. However, our new fieldwork and petrographic analysis, with literature comparison, reveals several problems with this concept. Two key points based on evidence in the T/J transition of the UK are: (1) that B-CIC calcite deposits form thin scattered layers and lenses at several horizons, not a distinct deposit associated with volcanic activity; and (2) B-CIC calcite is more common in Early Jurassic sediments after the extinction and after the end of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism proposed to have supplied the carbon dioxide required. Our samples from Late Triassic, Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous limestones in southern UK show that B-CIC calcite occurs in both marine and non-marine sediments, therefore ocean processes are not mandatory for its formation. There is no proof that fibrous calcite was formed before lithification, but our Early Jurassic samples do prove fibrous calcite formed after compaction, thus interpretation of crystal growth in unconsolidated sediment is problematic. Furthermore, B-CIC crystals mostly grew both upwards and downwards equally, contradicting the interpretation of the novel carbonate factory that they grew preferentially upwards in soft sediment. Finally, Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous examples are not associated with mass extinction. Three further key points derived from the literature include: (1) B-CIC calcite is widespread geographically and stratigraphically, not clustered around mass extinctions or the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event; (2) isotope signatures ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Palaeogeography 5 1 28 42 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
End-Permian mass extinction End-Triassic mass extinction Beef Cone-in-cone calcite Ocean acidification Paleontology QE701-760 |
spellingShingle |
End-Permian mass extinction End-Triassic mass extinction Beef Cone-in-cone calcite Ocean acidification Paleontology QE701-760 Stephen Kershaw Li Guo Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation |
topic_facet |
End-Permian mass extinction End-Triassic mass extinction Beef Cone-in-cone calcite Ocean acidification Paleontology QE701-760 |
description |
This paper reassesses published interpretation that beef and cone-in-cone (B-CIC) fibrous calcite cements were precipitated contemporaneously just below the sea floor in unconsolidated sediment, in limestones associated with the end-Permian (P/T) and end-Triassic (T/J) mass extinctions. That interpretation introduced the concept of a sub-seafloor carbonate factory associated with ocean acidification by raised carbon dioxide driven by volcanic eruption, coinciding with mass extinction. However, our new fieldwork and petrographic analysis, with literature comparison, reveals several problems with this concept. Two key points based on evidence in the T/J transition of the UK are: (1) that B-CIC calcite deposits form thin scattered layers and lenses at several horizons, not a distinct deposit associated with volcanic activity; and (2) B-CIC calcite is more common in Early Jurassic sediments after the extinction and after the end of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism proposed to have supplied the carbon dioxide required. Our samples from Late Triassic, Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous limestones in southern UK show that B-CIC calcite occurs in both marine and non-marine sediments, therefore ocean processes are not mandatory for its formation. There is no proof that fibrous calcite was formed before lithification, but our Early Jurassic samples do prove fibrous calcite formed after compaction, thus interpretation of crystal growth in unconsolidated sediment is problematic. Furthermore, B-CIC crystals mostly grew both upwards and downwards equally, contradicting the interpretation of the novel carbonate factory that they grew preferentially upwards in soft sediment. Finally, Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous examples are not associated with mass extinction. Three further key points derived from the literature include: (1) B-CIC calcite is widespread geographically and stratigraphically, not clustered around mass extinctions or the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event; (2) isotope signatures ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stephen Kershaw Li Guo |
author_facet |
Stephen Kershaw Li Guo |
author_sort |
Stephen Kershaw |
title |
Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation |
title_short |
Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation |
title_full |
Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation |
title_fullStr |
Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation |
title_sort |
beef and cone-in-cone calcite fibrous cements associated with the end-permian and end-triassic mass extinctions: reassessment of processes of formation |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003 https://doaj.org/article/d31438e27e754c3184e46905a86ffd06 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Journal of Palaeogeography, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 28-42 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095383615300523 https://doaj.org/toc/2095-3836 2095-3836 doi:10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003 https://doaj.org/article/d31438e27e754c3184e46905a86ffd06 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003 |
container_title |
Journal of Palaeogeography |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
28 |
op_container_end_page |
42 |
_version_ |
1766157915273560064 |