Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands
Abstract Background Sporozoites isolated from the salivary glands of Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes are a prerequisite for several basic and pre-clinical applications. Although salivary glands are pooled to maximize sporozoite recovery, insufficient yields pose logistical and analytical hurdles; thu...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d22979b1701d4a94900d8aea38be23fb 2023-05-15T15:16:09+02:00 Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands Ashutosh K. Pathak Justine C. Shiau Blandine Franke-Fayard Lisa M. Shollenberger Donald A. Harn Dennis E. Kyle Courtney C. Murdock 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y https://doaj.org/article/d22979b1701d4a94900d8aea38be23fb EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/d22979b1701d4a94900d8aea38be23fb Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2022) Plasmodium berghei Anopheles stephensi Oocysts Sporozoites Salivary glands Density dependence Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y 2022-12-30T20:38:32Z Abstract Background Sporozoites isolated from the salivary glands of Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes are a prerequisite for several basic and pre-clinical applications. Although salivary glands are pooled to maximize sporozoite recovery, insufficient yields pose logistical and analytical hurdles; thus, predicting yields prior to isolation would be valuable. Preceding oocyst densities in the midgut is an obvious candidate. However, it is unclear whether current understanding of its relationship with sporozoite densities can be used to maximize yields, or whether it can capture the potential density-dependence in rates of sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands. Methods This study presents a retrospective analysis of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with two strains of the rodent-specific Plasmodium berghei. Mean oocyst densities were estimated in the midguts earlier in the infection (11–15 days post-blood meal), with sporozoites pooled from the salivary glands later in the infection (17–29 days). Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to determine if (1) mean oocyst densities can predict sporozoite yields from pooled salivary glands, (2) whether these densities can capture differences in rates of sporozoite invasion of salivary glands, and (3), if the interaction between oocyst densities and time could be leveraged to boost overall yields. Results The non-linear effect of mean oocyst densities confirmed the role of density-dependent constraints in limiting yields beyond certain oocyst densities. Irrespective of oocyst densities however, the continued invasion of salivary glands by the sporozoites boosted recoveries over time (17–29 days post-blood meal) for either parasite strain. Conclusions Sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands over time can be leveraged to maximize yields for P. berghei. In general, however, invasion of the salivary glands over time is a critical fitness determinant for all Plasmodium species (extrinsic incubation period, EIP). Thus, delaying sporozoite collection ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 21 1 |
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topic |
Plasmodium berghei Anopheles stephensi Oocysts Sporozoites Salivary glands Density dependence Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Plasmodium berghei Anopheles stephensi Oocysts Sporozoites Salivary glands Density dependence Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Ashutosh K. Pathak Justine C. Shiau Blandine Franke-Fayard Lisa M. Shollenberger Donald A. Harn Dennis E. Kyle Courtney C. Murdock Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands |
topic_facet |
Plasmodium berghei Anopheles stephensi Oocysts Sporozoites Salivary glands Density dependence Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Sporozoites isolated from the salivary glands of Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes are a prerequisite for several basic and pre-clinical applications. Although salivary glands are pooled to maximize sporozoite recovery, insufficient yields pose logistical and analytical hurdles; thus, predicting yields prior to isolation would be valuable. Preceding oocyst densities in the midgut is an obvious candidate. However, it is unclear whether current understanding of its relationship with sporozoite densities can be used to maximize yields, or whether it can capture the potential density-dependence in rates of sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands. Methods This study presents a retrospective analysis of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with two strains of the rodent-specific Plasmodium berghei. Mean oocyst densities were estimated in the midguts earlier in the infection (11–15 days post-blood meal), with sporozoites pooled from the salivary glands later in the infection (17–29 days). Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to determine if (1) mean oocyst densities can predict sporozoite yields from pooled salivary glands, (2) whether these densities can capture differences in rates of sporozoite invasion of salivary glands, and (3), if the interaction between oocyst densities and time could be leveraged to boost overall yields. Results The non-linear effect of mean oocyst densities confirmed the role of density-dependent constraints in limiting yields beyond certain oocyst densities. Irrespective of oocyst densities however, the continued invasion of salivary glands by the sporozoites boosted recoveries over time (17–29 days post-blood meal) for either parasite strain. Conclusions Sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands over time can be leveraged to maximize yields for P. berghei. In general, however, invasion of the salivary glands over time is a critical fitness determinant for all Plasmodium species (extrinsic incubation period, EIP). Thus, delaying sporozoite collection ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ashutosh K. Pathak Justine C. Shiau Blandine Franke-Fayard Lisa M. Shollenberger Donald A. Harn Dennis E. Kyle Courtney C. Murdock |
author_facet |
Ashutosh K. Pathak Justine C. Shiau Blandine Franke-Fayard Lisa M. Shollenberger Donald A. Harn Dennis E. Kyle Courtney C. Murdock |
author_sort |
Ashutosh K. Pathak |
title |
Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands |
title_short |
Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands |
title_full |
Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands |
title_fullStr |
Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands |
title_full_unstemmed |
Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands |
title_sort |
streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y https://doaj.org/article/d22979b1701d4a94900d8aea38be23fb |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/d22979b1701d4a94900d8aea38be23fb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04270-y |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
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21 |
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1 |
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1766346444417007616 |