Defining the “Ice Shed” of the Arctic Ocean's Last Ice Area and Its Future Evolution

Abstract Sea ice will persist longer in the Last Ice Area (LIA), north of Canada and Greenland, than elsewhere in the Arctic. We combine earth system model ensembles with a sea‐ice tracking utility (SITU) to explore sources of sea ice (the “ice shed”) to the LIA under two scenarios: continued high w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Earth's Future
Main Authors: Robert Newton, Stephanie Pfirman, L. Bruno Tremblay, Patricia DeRepentigny
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021
Subjects:
1637 regional climate change
0750 sea ice
1630 impacts of global change
6615 legislation and regulations
0410 biodiversity
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
Ecology
QH540-549.5
Arctic
Canada
Greenland
Nunavut
Central Arctic
Climate change
Global warming
Sea ice
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF001988
https://doaj.org/article/d21fffa50d23446c9faa1d734320f113
Description
Summary:Abstract Sea ice will persist longer in the Last Ice Area (LIA), north of Canada and Greenland, than elsewhere in the Arctic. We combine earth system model ensembles with a sea‐ice tracking utility (SITU) to explore sources of sea ice (the “ice shed”) to the LIA under two scenarios: continued high warming (HW) rates and low warming (LW) rates (mean global warming below ca. 2°C) through the 21st century. Until mid‐century, the two scenarios yield similar results: the primary ice source shifts from the Russian continental shelves to the central Arctic, mobility increases, and mean ice age in the LIA drops from about 7 years to less than one. After about 2050, sea ice stabilizes in the LW scenario, but continues to decline in the HW scenario until LIA sea ice is nearly entirely seasonal and locally formed. Sea ice pathways through the ice shed determine LIA ice conditions and transport of material, including biota, sediments, and pollutants (spilled oil and industrial or agricultural contaminants have been identified as potential hazards). This study demonstrates that global warming has a dramatic impact on the sources, pathways and ages of ice entering the LIA. Therefore, we suggest that maintaining ice quality and preserving ice‐obligate ecologies in the LIA, including the Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area north of Nunavut, Canada, will require international governance. The SITU system used in this study is publicly available as an online utility to support researchers, policy analysts, and educators interested in past and future sea ice sources and trajectories.

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