Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences
The Nivkh language family of Sakhalin Island and the adjacent mainland in Northeast Asia is generally considered to be without known external relatives, and since its internal diversity is relatively shallow— leading some authors to treat it as a single ‘language’ divisible only into ‘dialect’-level...
Published in: | Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
University of Kansas
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.17161/1808.27627 https://doaj.org/article/d178d025d1f6447f88f1987643b7ba56 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d178d025d1f6447f88f1987643b7ba56 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d178d025d1f6447f88f1987643b7ba56 2023-05-15T17:23:50+02:00 Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences Halm, Robert Slater, Jay 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.17161/1808.27627 https://doaj.org/article/d178d025d1f6447f88f1987643b7ba56 EN eng University of Kansas http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27627 https://doaj.org/toc/1043-3805 https://doaj.org/toc/2378-7600 doi:10.17161/1808.27627 1043-3805 2378-7600 https://doaj.org/article/d178d025d1f6447f88f1987643b7ba56 Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol 39, Pp 21-36 (2018) sound change assimilation fortition Nivkh Philology. Linguistics P1-1091 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.17161/1808.27627 2022-12-31T00:14:40Z The Nivkh language family of Sakhalin Island and the adjacent mainland in Northeast Asia is generally considered to be without known external relatives, and since its internal diversity is relatively shallow— leading some authors to treat it as a single ‘language’ divisible only into ‘dialect’-level varieties—comparative linguistics internal to the family has been neglected. The internal diversity of Nivkh is not, however, as trivial as has been portrayed, and involves at least two (Gruzdeva, 1998) and possibly three (Fortescue, 2016) mutually unintelligible varieties, indicating fertile ground for the application of the Standard Comparative Method within the family. Following up on our previous work (Halm, 2017), in which we examined the synchronic sound correspondences and diachronic sound changes pertaining to vocoid sequences, in the present paper we adduce and examine other sound correspondences and attempt to define their underlying diachronic developments. Our clearest findings include: Proto-Nivkh (PN) /*a/ > Amur Nivkh (AN), West Sakhalin Nivkh (WSN), and perhaps North Sakhalin Nivkh (NSN) /ǝ/ when adjacent to or tautosyllabic with a velar consonant and not prohibited by vowel harmony or similar adjacency to a post-velar consonant; PN /*i/ > AN, WSN /ǝ/ | /[t,d]__+/; PN /*mx, *mχ/ > AN, WSN /ŋk/; PN /*ŋq/ > AN, WSN /ŋk/ morphemefinally, and probably in all positions; PN /*χ/ > AN, WSN /x/ | /o(C)__/; PN clusters of a palatal and an alveolar consonant generally assimilate to alveolar articulation for both segments, both historically and synchronically, in East Sakhalin Nivkh (ESN) and South Sakhalin Nivkh (SSN); morpheme-initial clusters with a lenis PN initial consonant are shifted to fortis articulation in SSN; PN velar fricatives /*x/ > Nogliki Nivkh (NgN), SSN /χ/ when preceded in a cluster by /c(h), t(h)/ (with some other conditioning differing between NgN and SSN); and finally, we confirm some sound changes already observed individually in the literature, and refute or question ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Nivkh Sakhalin Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
sound change assimilation fortition Nivkh Philology. Linguistics P1-1091 |
spellingShingle |
sound change assimilation fortition Nivkh Philology. Linguistics P1-1091 Halm, Robert Slater, Jay Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences |
topic_facet |
sound change assimilation fortition Nivkh Philology. Linguistics P1-1091 |
description |
The Nivkh language family of Sakhalin Island and the adjacent mainland in Northeast Asia is generally considered to be without known external relatives, and since its internal diversity is relatively shallow— leading some authors to treat it as a single ‘language’ divisible only into ‘dialect’-level varieties—comparative linguistics internal to the family has been neglected. The internal diversity of Nivkh is not, however, as trivial as has been portrayed, and involves at least two (Gruzdeva, 1998) and possibly three (Fortescue, 2016) mutually unintelligible varieties, indicating fertile ground for the application of the Standard Comparative Method within the family. Following up on our previous work (Halm, 2017), in which we examined the synchronic sound correspondences and diachronic sound changes pertaining to vocoid sequences, in the present paper we adduce and examine other sound correspondences and attempt to define their underlying diachronic developments. Our clearest findings include: Proto-Nivkh (PN) /*a/ > Amur Nivkh (AN), West Sakhalin Nivkh (WSN), and perhaps North Sakhalin Nivkh (NSN) /ǝ/ when adjacent to or tautosyllabic with a velar consonant and not prohibited by vowel harmony or similar adjacency to a post-velar consonant; PN /*i/ > AN, WSN /ǝ/ | /[t,d]__+/; PN /*mx, *mχ/ > AN, WSN /ŋk/; PN /*ŋq/ > AN, WSN /ŋk/ morphemefinally, and probably in all positions; PN /*χ/ > AN, WSN /x/ | /o(C)__/; PN clusters of a palatal and an alveolar consonant generally assimilate to alveolar articulation for both segments, both historically and synchronically, in East Sakhalin Nivkh (ESN) and South Sakhalin Nivkh (SSN); morpheme-initial clusters with a lenis PN initial consonant are shifted to fortis articulation in SSN; PN velar fricatives /*x/ > Nogliki Nivkh (NgN), SSN /χ/ when preceded in a cluster by /c(h), t(h)/ (with some other conditioning differing between NgN and SSN); and finally, we confirm some sound changes already observed individually in the literature, and refute or question ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Halm, Robert Slater, Jay |
author_facet |
Halm, Robert Slater, Jay |
author_sort |
Halm, Robert |
title |
Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences |
title_short |
Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences |
title_full |
Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences |
title_fullStr |
Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences |
title_full_unstemmed |
Application of the comparative method to Nivkh: Other regular sound correspondences |
title_sort |
application of the comparative method to nivkh: other regular sound correspondences |
publisher |
University of Kansas |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17161/1808.27627 https://doaj.org/article/d178d025d1f6447f88f1987643b7ba56 |
genre |
Nivkh Sakhalin |
genre_facet |
Nivkh Sakhalin |
op_source |
Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol 39, Pp 21-36 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27627 https://doaj.org/toc/1043-3805 https://doaj.org/toc/2378-7600 doi:10.17161/1808.27627 1043-3805 2378-7600 https://doaj.org/article/d178d025d1f6447f88f1987643b7ba56 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.17161/1808.27627 |
container_title |
Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics |
_version_ |
1766114298595115008 |