Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard
Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted mea...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 2023-05-15T18:29:45+02:00 Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot 2010-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/593/2010/tc-4-593-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 The Cryosphere, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 593-604 (2010) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 2022-12-31T13:58:57Z Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted measurements for long periods with hourly temporal resolution. We present the system and illustrate its functioning using data from 9 GPS receivers deployed on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, for the period 2006–2009. The accuracy of the receivers is 1.62 m based on the standard deviation in the average location of a stationary reference station (NBRef). Both the location of NBRef and the observed flow velocities agree within one standard deviation with DGPS measurements. Periodicity (6, 8, 12, 24 h) in the NBRef data is largely explained by the atmospheric, mainly ionospheric, influence on the GPS signal. A (weighed) running-average on the observed locations significantly reduces the standard deviation and removes high frequency periodicities, but also reduces the temporal resolution. Results show annual average velocities varying between 40 and 55 m yr −1 at stations on the central flow-line. On weekly to monthly time-scales we observe a peak in the flow velocities (from 60 to 90 m yr −1 ) at the beginning of July related to increased melt-rates. No significant lag is observed between the timing of the maximum speed between different stations. This is likely due to the limited temporal resolution after averaging in combination with the relatively small distance (max. ±13 km) between the stations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Svalbard The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Svalbard Nordenskiöldbreen ENVELOPE(17.166,17.166,78.676,78.676) The Cryosphere 4 4 593 604 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted measurements for long periods with hourly temporal resolution. We present the system and illustrate its functioning using data from 9 GPS receivers deployed on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, for the period 2006–2009. The accuracy of the receivers is 1.62 m based on the standard deviation in the average location of a stationary reference station (NBRef). Both the location of NBRef and the observed flow velocities agree within one standard deviation with DGPS measurements. Periodicity (6, 8, 12, 24 h) in the NBRef data is largely explained by the atmospheric, mainly ionospheric, influence on the GPS signal. A (weighed) running-average on the observed locations significantly reduces the standard deviation and removes high frequency periodicities, but also reduces the temporal resolution. Results show annual average velocities varying between 40 and 55 m yr −1 at stations on the central flow-line. On weekly to monthly time-scales we observe a peak in the flow velocities (from 60 to 90 m yr −1 ) at the beginning of July related to increased melt-rates. No significant lag is observed between the timing of the maximum speed between different stations. This is likely due to the limited temporal resolution after averaging in combination with the relatively small distance (max. ±13 km) between the stations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot |
author_facet |
M. A. G. den Ouden C. H. Reijmer V. Pohjola R. S. W. van de Wal J. Oerlemans W. Boot |
author_sort |
M. A. G. den Ouden |
title |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_short |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_full |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_fullStr |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_sort |
stand-alone single-frequency gps ice velocity observations on nordenskiöldbreen, svalbard |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(17.166,17.166,78.676,78.676) |
geographic |
Svalbard Nordenskiöldbreen |
geographic_facet |
Svalbard Nordenskiöldbreen |
genre |
Svalbard The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Svalbard The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 593-604 (2010) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/4/593/2010/tc-4-593-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/d1631eedeca7404c81794f5f1362e206 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
593 |
op_container_end_page |
604 |
_version_ |
1766213098218192896 |