Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear
Abstract Elucidating changes in prey behavior in response to a novel predator is key to understanding how individuals acclimate to shifting predation regimes. Such responses are predicted to vary among individuals as a function of the level of risk to which individuals are exposed, temporal changes...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d0c52ed23d6746c0b5194aeb9c05b43c 2023-05-15T13:13:02+02:00 Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear Thomas A. Perry Michel P. Laforge Eric Vander Wal Thomas W. Knight Philip D. McLoughlin 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 https://doaj.org/article/d0c52ed23d6746c0b5194aeb9c05b43c EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925 2150-8925 doi:10.1002/ecs2.3216 https://doaj.org/article/d0c52ed23d6746c0b5194aeb9c05b43c Ecosphere, Vol 11, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2020) Alces alces functional response habitat selection hunting landscape of fear moose Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 2022-12-31T08:42:16Z Abstract Elucidating changes in prey behavior in response to a novel predator is key to understanding how individuals acclimate to shifting predation regimes. Such responses are predicted to vary among individuals as a function of the level of risk to which individuals are exposed, temporal changes in risk, and landscape‐mediated changes in perceived risk. We tested how GPS‐tracked moose (Alces alces, n = 19) responded to an emerging risk landscape with the introduction of hunting to a naïve population (large‐scale reduction experiment in Gros Morne National Park, Canada). We predicted that predation risk associated with hunters would influence moose habitat selection: Avoidance responses would be stronger during the day when hunting was allowed, and moose would learn to avoid risky locations which would strengthen in successive years for survivors occupying overall riskier home ranges. We found that moose avoided areas associated with a high risk of encounters with hunters but did not alter selection patterns between day and night. We did not find evidence of moose reacting more strongly to emerging risk as a function of risk within their home range. Moose did not increase their avoidance of areas associated with hunter risk across years but over time survivors selected non‐hunted refuge areas more frequently. Our results suggest that while moose did not adjust fine‐scale habitat selection through time to increased hunting risk, they did adjust selection at broader scales (based on proportions of hunter‐free habitat included in home range relative to study area). This finding supports the hypothesis that habitat selection at larger spatio‐temporal scales may reflect behavioral responses to a population’s most important limiting factors, which may not be apparent at finer scales. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Gros Morne National Park Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada Gros Morne National Park ENVELOPE(-57.531,-57.531,49.613,49.613) Ecosphere 11 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Alces alces functional response habitat selection hunting landscape of fear moose Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
Alces alces functional response habitat selection hunting landscape of fear moose Ecology QH540-549.5 Thomas A. Perry Michel P. Laforge Eric Vander Wal Thomas W. Knight Philip D. McLoughlin Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
topic_facet |
Alces alces functional response habitat selection hunting landscape of fear moose Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract Elucidating changes in prey behavior in response to a novel predator is key to understanding how individuals acclimate to shifting predation regimes. Such responses are predicted to vary among individuals as a function of the level of risk to which individuals are exposed, temporal changes in risk, and landscape‐mediated changes in perceived risk. We tested how GPS‐tracked moose (Alces alces, n = 19) responded to an emerging risk landscape with the introduction of hunting to a naïve population (large‐scale reduction experiment in Gros Morne National Park, Canada). We predicted that predation risk associated with hunters would influence moose habitat selection: Avoidance responses would be stronger during the day when hunting was allowed, and moose would learn to avoid risky locations which would strengthen in successive years for survivors occupying overall riskier home ranges. We found that moose avoided areas associated with a high risk of encounters with hunters but did not alter selection patterns between day and night. We did not find evidence of moose reacting more strongly to emerging risk as a function of risk within their home range. Moose did not increase their avoidance of areas associated with hunter risk across years but over time survivors selected non‐hunted refuge areas more frequently. Our results suggest that while moose did not adjust fine‐scale habitat selection through time to increased hunting risk, they did adjust selection at broader scales (based on proportions of hunter‐free habitat included in home range relative to study area). This finding supports the hypothesis that habitat selection at larger spatio‐temporal scales may reflect behavioral responses to a population’s most important limiting factors, which may not be apparent at finer scales. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Thomas A. Perry Michel P. Laforge Eric Vander Wal Thomas W. Knight Philip D. McLoughlin |
author_facet |
Thomas A. Perry Michel P. Laforge Eric Vander Wal Thomas W. Knight Philip D. McLoughlin |
author_sort |
Thomas A. Perry |
title |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_short |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_full |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_fullStr |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_full_unstemmed |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_sort |
individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 https://doaj.org/article/d0c52ed23d6746c0b5194aeb9c05b43c |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-57.531,-57.531,49.613,49.613) |
geographic |
Canada Gros Morne National Park |
geographic_facet |
Canada Gros Morne National Park |
genre |
Alces alces Gros Morne National Park |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Gros Morne National Park |
op_source |
Ecosphere, Vol 11, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925 2150-8925 doi:10.1002/ecs2.3216 https://doaj.org/article/d0c52ed23d6746c0b5194aeb9c05b43c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 |
container_title |
Ecosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
8 |
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1766255677222682624 |