The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. Red anus syndrome (RAS) is known to be associated with parasitic infections of the eel, particularly with Anguillicola crassus, but the full range of causative pathogenic organisms has not been systematically investigated. Here...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:d002d5660fe64475899224e91e7a066b 2023-05-15T13:27:19+02:00 The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Omar A S Tamam 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090790 https://doaj.org/article/d002d5660fe64475899224e91e7a066b EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3946525?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090790 https://doaj.org/article/d002d5660fe64475899224e91e7a066b PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e90790 (2014) Medicine R Science Q article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090790 2022-12-30T21:06:54Z The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. Red anus syndrome (RAS) is known to be associated with parasitic infections of the eel, particularly with Anguillicola crassus, but the full range of causative pathogenic organisms has not been systematically investigated. Here we examined the infective organisms and histopathological and ultrastructural features of seventy eels with RAS. In total, nine different pathogens were detected in association with RAS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present in twelve specimens (17%), the metacercaria of Euclinostromum heterostomum in three cases (4%), Gastrostome (Bucephalidae family) in seven cases (10%), A. crassus in forty-five cases (64%), Bothriocephalus in seventeen cases (24%), and Proteocephalus in twenty-three cases (32%). Yeast, amoeba, and myxobolus-like pathogens were seen in the anal skin in all cases when examined in combination with electron microscopy. Histopathologically, the lesions appeared as anoproctitis of varying severity from mild anusitis to severe haemorrhagic anoproctitis, with severe perianal oedema, haemorrhage, and proctoptosis. Gut inflammation ranged from mild catarrhal enteritis to severe haemorrhagic enteritis with mucosal sloughing. RAS is associated with a range of parasitic infections, not only A. crassus, some of which we describe here for the first time. Since RAS is not associated with direct invasion by parasites, it is likely that RAS is a secondary phenomenon caused by superadded infection on a background of generalised immunosuppression, or indirect local toxic effects. RAS may be used as a non-invasive indicator of underlying parasitic infection, but further investigations are required to establish the causative organisms for effective fishery management. Article in Journal/Newspaper Anguilla anguilla European eel Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLoS ONE 9 3 e90790 |
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topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Omar A S Tamam The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. Red anus syndrome (RAS) is known to be associated with parasitic infections of the eel, particularly with Anguillicola crassus, but the full range of causative pathogenic organisms has not been systematically investigated. Here we examined the infective organisms and histopathological and ultrastructural features of seventy eels with RAS. In total, nine different pathogens were detected in association with RAS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present in twelve specimens (17%), the metacercaria of Euclinostromum heterostomum in three cases (4%), Gastrostome (Bucephalidae family) in seven cases (10%), A. crassus in forty-five cases (64%), Bothriocephalus in seventeen cases (24%), and Proteocephalus in twenty-three cases (32%). Yeast, amoeba, and myxobolus-like pathogens were seen in the anal skin in all cases when examined in combination with electron microscopy. Histopathologically, the lesions appeared as anoproctitis of varying severity from mild anusitis to severe haemorrhagic anoproctitis, with severe perianal oedema, haemorrhage, and proctoptosis. Gut inflammation ranged from mild catarrhal enteritis to severe haemorrhagic enteritis with mucosal sloughing. RAS is associated with a range of parasitic infections, not only A. crassus, some of which we describe here for the first time. Since RAS is not associated with direct invasion by parasites, it is likely that RAS is a secondary phenomenon caused by superadded infection on a background of generalised immunosuppression, or indirect local toxic effects. RAS may be used as a non-invasive indicator of underlying parasitic infection, but further investigations are required to establish the causative organisms for effective fishery management. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Omar A S Tamam |
author_facet |
Omar A S Tamam |
author_sort |
Omar A S Tamam |
title |
The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). |
title_short |
The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). |
title_full |
The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). |
title_fullStr |
The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). |
title_full_unstemmed |
The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). |
title_sort |
aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the european eel (anguilla anguilla). |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090790 https://doaj.org/article/d002d5660fe64475899224e91e7a066b |
genre |
Anguilla anguilla European eel |
genre_facet |
Anguilla anguilla European eel |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e90790 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3946525?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090790 https://doaj.org/article/d002d5660fe64475899224e91e7a066b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090790 |
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PLoS ONE |
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9 |
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3 |
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e90790 |
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