Tourniquet self-application assessment in cold weather conditions

• Published in: BMC Emergency Medicine
• Main Authors: Carlos Yánez Benítez, Teófilo Lorente-Aznar, Idurre Labaka, Marcelo A. F. Ribeiro Jr, Yosu Viteri, Koji Morishita, Marta Baselga, Antonio Güemes
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2023
• Subjects: Training; Trauma; Vascular; Tourniquet; Special situations and conditions; RC952-1245; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid; RC86-88.9; Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00871-1; https://doaj.org/article/cf5678bd132c41b88c821dd860aa25c4

Abstract Background Our study aimed to assess the ability of nonmedical civilians to self-apply extremity tourniquets in cold weather conditions while wearing insulating technical clothing after receiving basic training. Methods A field study was conducted among 37 voluntary participants of an expedition party to the Spanish Antarctic base. The researchers assessed the participant’s ability to self-apply five commercial extremity tourniquets (CAT, OMNA, RMT, SWAT-T, and RATS) over cold-weather clothing and their achieved effectiveness for vascular occlusion. Upper extremity self-application was performed with a single-handed technique (OHT), and lower extremity applying a two-handed technique (THT). Perceptions of self-application ease mean values ± standard deviation (SD) were compared by applying a 5% statistical significance threshold. Frequency count determined tourniquet preference. Results All the tested ETs, except the SWAT-T, were properly self-applied with an OHT, resulting in effective vascular occlusion in the upper extremity. The five devices tested were self-applied correctly in the lower extremities using THT. The ratcheting marine-designed OMNA ranked the highest for application easiness on both the upper and lower extremities, and the windlass CAT model was the preferred device by most participants. Conclusions Civilian extremity tourniquet self-application on both upper and lower extremities can be accomplished in cold weather conditions despite using cold-weather gloves and technical clothing after receiving brief training. The ratcheting marine-designed OMNA ranked the highest for application ease, and the windlass CAT model was the preferred device.