Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas
Abstract Marine herpesviruses are responsible for epizootics in economically, ecologically and culturally significant taxa. The recent emergence of microvariants of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas has resulted in socioeconomic losses in Europe, New Zealand and Aus...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ce7cb0b90ebd42aebd3e1bef46b3f489 2023-05-15T15:58:16+02:00 Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas Richard J. Whittington Ika Paul-Pont Olivia Evans Paul Hick Navneet K. Dhand 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 https://doaj.org/article/ce7cb0b90ebd42aebd3e1bef46b3f489 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1297-9716 doi:10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 1297-9716 https://doaj.org/article/ce7cb0b90ebd42aebd3e1bef46b3f489 Veterinary Research, Vol 49, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2018) Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 2022-12-31T04:23:54Z Abstract Marine herpesviruses are responsible for epizootics in economically, ecologically and culturally significant taxa. The recent emergence of microvariants of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas has resulted in socioeconomic losses in Europe, New Zealand and Australia however, there is no information on their origin or mode of transmission. These factors need to be understood because they influence the way the disease may be prevented and controlled. Mortality data obtained from experimental populations of C. gigas during natural epizootics of OsHV-1 disease in Australia were analysed qualitatively. In addition we compared actual mortality data with those from a Reed–Frost model of direct transmission and analysed incubation periods using Sartwell’s method to test for the type of epizootic, point source or propagating. We concluded that outbreaks were initiated from an unknown environmental source which is unlikely to be farmed oysters in the same estuary. While direct oyster-to-oyster transmission may occur in larger oysters if they are in close proximity (< 40 cm), it did not explain the observed epizootics, point source exposure and indirect transmission being more common and important. A conceptual model is proposed for OsHV-1 index case source and transmission, leading to endemicity with recurrent seasonal outbreaks. The findings suggest that prevention and control of OsHV-1 in C. gigas will require multiple interventions. OsHV-1 in C. gigas, which is a sedentary animal once beyond the larval stage, is an informative model when considering marine host-herpesvirus relationships. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific New Zealand Veterinary Research 49 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 |
spellingShingle |
Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Richard J. Whittington Ika Paul-Pont Olivia Evans Paul Hick Navneet K. Dhand Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
topic_facet |
Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 |
description |
Abstract Marine herpesviruses are responsible for epizootics in economically, ecologically and culturally significant taxa. The recent emergence of microvariants of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas has resulted in socioeconomic losses in Europe, New Zealand and Australia however, there is no information on their origin or mode of transmission. These factors need to be understood because they influence the way the disease may be prevented and controlled. Mortality data obtained from experimental populations of C. gigas during natural epizootics of OsHV-1 disease in Australia were analysed qualitatively. In addition we compared actual mortality data with those from a Reed–Frost model of direct transmission and analysed incubation periods using Sartwell’s method to test for the type of epizootic, point source or propagating. We concluded that outbreaks were initiated from an unknown environmental source which is unlikely to be farmed oysters in the same estuary. While direct oyster-to-oyster transmission may occur in larger oysters if they are in close proximity (< 40 cm), it did not explain the observed epizootics, point source exposure and indirect transmission being more common and important. A conceptual model is proposed for OsHV-1 index case source and transmission, leading to endemicity with recurrent seasonal outbreaks. The findings suggest that prevention and control of OsHV-1 in C. gigas will require multiple interventions. OsHV-1 in C. gigas, which is a sedentary animal once beyond the larval stage, is an informative model when considering marine host-herpesvirus relationships. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Richard J. Whittington Ika Paul-Pont Olivia Evans Paul Hick Navneet K. Dhand |
author_facet |
Richard J. Whittington Ika Paul-Pont Olivia Evans Paul Hick Navneet K. Dhand |
author_sort |
Richard J. Whittington |
title |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_short |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_full |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_fullStr |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_sort |
counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus oshv-1 in crassostrea gigas |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 https://doaj.org/article/ce7cb0b90ebd42aebd3e1bef46b3f489 |
geographic |
Pacific New Zealand |
geographic_facet |
Pacific New Zealand |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_source |
Veterinary Research, Vol 49, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1297-9716 doi:10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 1297-9716 https://doaj.org/article/ce7cb0b90ebd42aebd3e1bef46b3f489 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 |
container_title |
Veterinary Research |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766394000193880064 |