Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi
Differences between a 1.5 and 2.0 ∘ C warmer climate than 1850 pre-industrial conditions are investigated using a suite of uncoupled (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project; AMIP), fully coupled, and slab-ocean experiments performed with Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1)-Happi, an upgraded v...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ce56cdb1f0b94ee1bb38334032193011 2023-05-15T14:54:30+02:00 Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi L. S. Graff T. Iversen I. Bethke J. B. Debernard Ø. Seland M. Bentsen A. Kirkevåg C. Li D. J. L. Olivié 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-569-2019 https://doaj.org/article/ce56cdb1f0b94ee1bb38334032193011 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.earth-syst-dynam.net/10/569/2019/esd-10-569-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4979 https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4987 doi:10.5194/esd-10-569-2019 2190-4979 2190-4987 https://doaj.org/article/ce56cdb1f0b94ee1bb38334032193011 Earth System Dynamics, Vol 10, Pp 569-598 (2019) Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-569-2019 2022-12-31T11:16:51Z Differences between a 1.5 and 2.0 ∘ C warmer climate than 1850 pre-industrial conditions are investigated using a suite of uncoupled (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project; AMIP), fully coupled, and slab-ocean experiments performed with Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1)-Happi, an upgraded version of NorESM1-M. The data from the AMIP-type runs with prescribed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice were provided to a model intercomparison project (HAPPI – Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts; http://www.happimip.org/ , last access date: 14 September 2019). This paper compares the AMIP results to those from the fully coupled version and the slab-ocean version of the model (NorESM1-HappiSO) in which SST and sea ice are allowed to respond to the warming, focusing on Arctic amplification of the global change signal. The fully coupled and the slab-ocean runs generally show stronger responses than the AMIP runs in the warmer worlds. The Arctic polar amplification factor is stronger in the fully coupled and slab-ocean runs than in the AMIP runs, both in the 1.5 ∘ C warming run and with the additional 0.5 ∘ C warming. The low-level Equator-to-pole temperature gradient consistently weakens more between the present-day climate and the 1.5 ∘ C warmer climate in the experiments with an active ocean component. The magnitude of the upper-level Equator-to-pole temperature gradient increases in a warmer climate but is not systematically larger in the experiments with an active ocean component. Implications for storm tracks and blocking are investigated. We find considerable reductions in the Arctic sea-ice cover in the slab-ocean model runs; while ice-free summers are rare under 1.5 ∘ C warming, they occur 18 % of the time in the 2.0 ∘ C warming simulation. The fully coupled model does not, however, reach ice-free conditions as it is too cold and has too much ice in the present-day climate. Differences between the experiments with active ocean and sea-ice models and those with prescribed ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Global warming Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Earth System Dynamics 10 3 569 598 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 |
spellingShingle |
Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 L. S. Graff T. Iversen I. Bethke J. B. Debernard Ø. Seland M. Bentsen A. Kirkevåg C. Li D. J. L. Olivié Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi |
topic_facet |
Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 |
description |
Differences between a 1.5 and 2.0 ∘ C warmer climate than 1850 pre-industrial conditions are investigated using a suite of uncoupled (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project; AMIP), fully coupled, and slab-ocean experiments performed with Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1)-Happi, an upgraded version of NorESM1-M. The data from the AMIP-type runs with prescribed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice were provided to a model intercomparison project (HAPPI – Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts; http://www.happimip.org/ , last access date: 14 September 2019). This paper compares the AMIP results to those from the fully coupled version and the slab-ocean version of the model (NorESM1-HappiSO) in which SST and sea ice are allowed to respond to the warming, focusing on Arctic amplification of the global change signal. The fully coupled and the slab-ocean runs generally show stronger responses than the AMIP runs in the warmer worlds. The Arctic polar amplification factor is stronger in the fully coupled and slab-ocean runs than in the AMIP runs, both in the 1.5 ∘ C warming run and with the additional 0.5 ∘ C warming. The low-level Equator-to-pole temperature gradient consistently weakens more between the present-day climate and the 1.5 ∘ C warmer climate in the experiments with an active ocean component. The magnitude of the upper-level Equator-to-pole temperature gradient increases in a warmer climate but is not systematically larger in the experiments with an active ocean component. Implications for storm tracks and blocking are investigated. We find considerable reductions in the Arctic sea-ice cover in the slab-ocean model runs; while ice-free summers are rare under 1.5 ∘ C warming, they occur 18 % of the time in the 2.0 ∘ C warming simulation. The fully coupled model does not, however, reach ice-free conditions as it is too cold and has too much ice in the present-day climate. Differences between the experiments with active ocean and sea-ice models and those with prescribed ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
L. S. Graff T. Iversen I. Bethke J. B. Debernard Ø. Seland M. Bentsen A. Kirkevåg C. Li D. J. L. Olivié |
author_facet |
L. S. Graff T. Iversen I. Bethke J. B. Debernard Ø. Seland M. Bentsen A. Kirkevåg C. Li D. J. L. Olivié |
author_sort |
L. S. Graff |
title |
Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi |
title_short |
Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi |
title_full |
Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi |
title_fullStr |
Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi |
title_sort |
arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °c in noresm1-happi |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-569-2019 https://doaj.org/article/ce56cdb1f0b94ee1bb38334032193011 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice |
op_source |
Earth System Dynamics, Vol 10, Pp 569-598 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.earth-syst-dynam.net/10/569/2019/esd-10-569-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4979 https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4987 doi:10.5194/esd-10-569-2019 2190-4979 2190-4987 https://doaj.org/article/ce56cdb1f0b94ee1bb38334032193011 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-569-2019 |
container_title |
Earth System Dynamics |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
569 |
op_container_end_page |
598 |
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1766326223569420288 |