Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: A report of two cases

• Published in: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
• Main Authors: Camila F Araujo, Iara B N Oliveira, Murilo B Silveira, Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2021
• Subjects: leishmania amazonensis; hiv; disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis; case report; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.315891; https://doaj.org/article/ce25f1b1025846afa3b417b3f4b986e9

Rationale: Co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Leishmania spp. has impact on clinical and therapeutic outcomes of leishmaniases. Most studies do not present the identification of Leishmania species causing American tegumentary leishmaniasis in co-infections. In the Americas, Leishmania (L.) Viannia (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis have been identified. Patient concerns: In this study, two cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in patients infected with HIV are described. Patients presented several lesions with rapid dissemination and mucosal involvement. Diagnosis: Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. amazonensis was identified by molecular test. Interventions: The patients were treated with conventional therapies for HIV infection and American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Outcomes: In co-infection, the clinical manifestations are atypical and the treatment response can be impaired. Lessons: These cases show that HIV infection impacts L. amazonensis infection and point to the relevance of identifying Leishmania species, which can lead to a better patient management.